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Cosmology is built on a relativistic understanding of gravity, where the geometry of the Universe is dynamically determined by matter and energy. In the cosmological concordance model, gravity is described by General Relativity, and it is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-26 Theodore Anton

We challenge the widely held belief that the cosmological principle is an obvious consequence of the observed isotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation, combined with the Copernican principle. We perform a detailed analysis of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. K. Barrett , C. A. Clarkson

The cosmological principle posits that the universe is statistically homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, implying all matter shares the same rest frame. This principle suggests that velocity estimates of our motion from various…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-02 Pedro da Silveira Ferreira , Valerio Marra

We analyze two volume limited galaxy samples from the SDSS photometric and spectroscopic data to test the isotropy in the local Universe. We use information entropy to quantify the global anisotropy in the galaxy distribution at different…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 Suman Sarkar , Biswajit Pandey , Rishi Khatri

The Cosmological Principle, which states that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic (when averaged on large scales), is the foundational assumption of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmologies such as the current standard…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-15 Nathan Secrest , Sebastian von Hausegger , Mohamed Rameez , Roya Mohayaee , Subir Sarkar

Modern cosmology rests on the cosmological principle, that on large enough scales the Universe is both homogeneous and isotropic. A corollary is that galaxies' spin vectors should be isotropically distributed on the sky. This has been…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-03 Dhruva Patel , Harry Desmond

The basic hypothesis of a post-Copernican Cosmological theory is that {\em all the points} of the Universe have to be essentially equivalent: this hypothesis is required in order to avoid any privileged {\em observer}. This assumption has…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 L. Pietronero , F. Sylos Labini

We present a novel test of the cosmological principle: the idea that, on sufficiently large scales, the universe should appear homogeneous and isotropic to observers comoving with the Hubble flow. This is a fundamental assumption in modern…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-19 Oliver T. Oayda , Geraint F. Lewis

The Cosmological Principle, that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on sufficiently large scales, underpins the standard model of cosmology. However, a recent analysis of 1.36 million infrared-selected quasars has identified a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-08 Lawrence Dam , Geraint F. Lewis , Brendon J. Brewer

We examine the sky distribution of radio galaxies in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) and the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS). Analyses of these samples have reported tension between their inferred dipoles and the kinematic dipole of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-05 Oliver T. Oayda , Vasudev Mittal , Geraint F. Lewis , Tara Murphy

From the standpoint of theoretical physics we can treat Newtonian cosmology as a problem in nonlinear dynamics. The attempt to average the density, in search of a method of making contact between theory and observation, is replaced by the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. L. McCauley

We investigate the validity of the Cosmological Principle by constraining the cosmological parameters $H_0$ and $q_0$ through the celestial sphere. Our analyses are performed in a low-redshift regime in order to follow a model independent…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-04 C. A. P. Bengaly, , A. Bernui , J. S. Alcaniz

The cumulative number count $N$, of sources above a threshold is known to approximately follow a power law behaviour $N\propto S^{-x}$. We study the variation of spectral index $x$ across the sky in order to look for possible signals of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-05 Shamik Ghosh , Pankaj Jain

The parameters of any model that satisfies the cosmological principle (the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scale), can be expressed through cosmographic parameters. In this paper, we perform this procedure for the Cardassian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-27 Yu. L. Bolotin , M. I. Konchatnyi , O. A. Lemets , L. G. Zazunov

We study the large-scale anisotropy of the Universe by measuring the dipole in the angular distribution of a flux-limited, all-sky sample of 1.36 million quasars observed by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). This sample is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-01 Nathan Secrest , Sebastian von Hausegger , Mohamed Rameez , Roya Mohayaee , Subir Sarkar , Jacques Colin

The cosmological principle is one of the cornerstones in modern cosmology. It assumes that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on cosmic scales. Both the homogeneity and the isotropy of the universe should be tested carefully. In the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-19 Hua-Kai Deng , Hao Wei

The standard model of cosmology is based on the existence of homogeneous surfaces as the background arena for structure formation. Homogeneity underpins both general relativistic and modified gravity models and is central to the way in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-19 Roy Maartens

The cosmological principle (CP), assuming spatially homogeneous and isotropic background geometry in the cosmological scale, is a fundamental assumption in modern cosmology. Recent observations of the galaxy redshift survey provide relevant…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-27 Yigon Kim , Chan-Gyung Park , Hyerim Noh , Jai-chan Hwang

We review observational tests for the homogeneity of the Universe on large scales. Redshift and peculiar velocity surveys, radio sources, the X-Ray Background, the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest and the Cosmic Microwave Background are used to set…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ofer Lahav

The Cosmological Principle posits that the Universe is isotropic on the largest scales. While widely supported, this foundational assumption remains testable. We analyse the angular distribution of over one million quasars from the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-04 Amit Mondal , Biswajit Pandey , Krishna Ghosh