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It is known that deep neural networks (DNNs) classify an input image by paying particular attention to certain specific pixels; a graphical representation of the magnitude of attention to each pixel is called a saliency-map. Saliency-maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Satoshi Munakata , Caterina Urban , Haruki Yokoyama , Koji Yamamoto , Kazuki Munakata

Explainable AI (XAI) has gained significant attention for providing insights into the decision-making processes of deep learning models, particularly for image classification tasks through visual explanations visualized by saliency maps.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yifei Zhang , James Song , Siyi Gu , Tianxu Jiang , Bo Pan , Guangji Bai , Liang Zhao

Various types of saliency methods have been proposed for explaining black-box classification. In image applications, this means highlighting the part of the image that is most relevant for the current decision. Unfortunately, the different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Justus Sagemüller , Olivier Verdier

Deep neural networks, especially convolutional deep neural networks, are state-of-the-art methods to classify, segment or even generate images, movies, or sounds. However, these methods lack of a good semantic understanding of what happens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Jens Bayer , David Münch , Michael Arens

Adversarial algorithms have shown to be effective against neural networks for a variety of tasks. Some adversarial algorithms perturb all the pixels in the image minimally for the image classification task in image classification. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Shashank Kotyan , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

In the past years, deep convolutional neural networks have been pushing the frontier of face recognition (FR) techniques in both verification and identification scenarios. Despite the high accuracy, they are often criticized for lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Yuhang Lu , Zewei Xu , Touradj Ebrahimi

Getting pain intensity from face images is an important problem in autonomous nursing systems. However, due to the limitation in data sources and the subjectiveness in pain intensity values, it is hard to adopt modern deep neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Conghui Li , Zhaocheng Zhu , Yuming Zhao

There have been remarkable improvements in the semantic labelling task in the recent years. However, the state of the art methods rely on large-scale pixel-level annotations. This paper studies the problem of training a pixel-wise semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Seong Joon Oh , Rodrigo Benenson , Anna Khoreva , Zeynep Akata , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele

Image retargeting is the task of making images capable of being displayed on screens with different sizes. This work should be done so that high-level visual information and low-level features such as texture remain as intact as possible to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Mahdi Ahmadi , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Post-hoc attribution methods aim to explain deep learning predictions by highlighting influential input pixels. However, these explanations are highly non-robust: small, imperceptible input perturbations can drastically alter the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Alaa Anani , Tobias Lorenz , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele

Neural network visualization techniques mark image locations by their relevancy to the network's classification. Existing methods are effective in highlighting the regions that affect the resulting classification the most. However, as we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Shir Gur , Ameen Ali , Lior Wolf

The volume of User Generated Content (UGC) has increased in recent years. The challenge with this type of content is assessing its quality. So far, the state-of-the-art metrics are not exhibiting a very high correlation with perceptual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Xinyi Wang , Angeliki Katsenou , David Bull

Despite the tremendous achievements of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many computer vision tasks, understanding how they actually work remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel two-step understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Heyi Li , Yunke Tian , Klaus Mueller , Xin Chen

Contexts play an important role in the saliency detection task. However, given a context region, not all contextual information is helpful for the final task. In this paper, we propose a novel pixel-wise contextual attention network, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Nian Liu , Junwei Han , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Existing saliency-guided training approaches improve model generalization by incorporating a loss term that compares the model's class activation map (CAM) for a sample's true-class ({\it i.e.}, correct-label class) against a human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jacob Piland , Chris Sweet , Adam Czajka

Explaining deep convolutional neural networks has been recently drawing increasing attention since it helps to understand the networks' internal operations and why they make certain decisions. Saliency maps, which emphasize salient regions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Quan Zheng , Ziwei Wang , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

In recent years, several Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WS3) methods have been proposed that use class activation maps (CAMs) generated by a classifier to produce pseudo-ground truths for training segmentation models. While CAMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 M. Maruf , Arka Daw , Amartya Dutta , Jie Bu , Anuj Karpatne

Recent work uncovered potential flaws in \eg attribution or heatmap based saliency methods. A typical flaw is a confirmations bias, where the scores are compared to human expectation. Since measuring the quality of saliency methods is hard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Leonid Schwenke , Martin Atzmueller

Co-saliency detection aims at extracting the common salient regions from an image group containing two or more relevant images. It is a newly emerging topic in computer vision community. Different from the most existing co-saliency methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-22 Runmin Cong , Jianjun Lei , Huazhu Fu , Qingming Huang , Xiaochun Cao , Chunping Hou

High-quality saliency maps are essential in several machine learning application areas including explainable AI and weakly supervised object detection and segmentation. Many techniques have been developed to generate better saliency using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Osman Tursun , Simon Denman , Sridha Sridharan , Clinton Fookes
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