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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained prominence for their ability to process graph-structured data across various domains. However, interpreting GNN decisions remains a significant challenge, leading to the adoption of saliency maps for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-04 Shuichi Nishino , Tomohiro Shiraishi , Teruyuki Katsuoka , Ichiro Takeuchi

Existing salient object detection methods are capable of predicting binary maps that highlight visually salient regions. However, these methods are limited in their ability to differentiate the relative importance of multiple objects and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Mengke Song , Linfeng Li , Dunquan Wu , Wenfeng Song , Chenglizhao Chen

In this work we develop a fast saliency detection method that can be applied to any differentiable image classifier. We train a masking model to manipulate the scores of the classifier by masking salient parts of the input image. Our model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-23 Piotr Dabkowski , Yarin Gal

With their increase in performance, neural network architectures also become more complex, necessitating explainability. Therefore, many new and improved methods are currently emerging, which often generate so-called saliency maps in order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Leonid Schwenke , Martin Atzmueller

Visual saliency detection aims at identifying the most visually distinctive parts in an image, and serves as a pre-processing step for a variety of computer vision and image processing tasks. To this end, the saliency detection procedure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Xuanyang Xi , Yongkang Luo , Fengfu Li , Peng Wang , Hong Qiao

The different families of saliency methods, either based on contrastive signals, closed-form formulas mixing gradients with activations or on perturbation masks, all focus on which parts of an image are responsible for the model's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Sylvestre-Alvise Rebuffi , Ruth Fong , Xu Ji , Hakan Bilen , Andrea Vedaldi

Image saliency detection is crucial in understanding human gaze patterns from visual stimuli. The escalating demand for research in image saliency detection is driven by the growing necessity to incorporate such techniques into various…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Zhanxuan Mei , Yun-Cheng Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Saliency maps that identify the most informative regions of an image for a classifier are valuable for model interpretability. A common approach to creating saliency maps involves generating input masks that mask out portions of an image to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Jason Phang , Jungkyu Park , Krzysztof J. Geras

Conventional saliency maps highlight input features to which neural network predictions are highly sensitive. We take a different approach to saliency, in which we identify and analyze the network parameters, rather than inputs, which are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Roman Levin , Manli Shu , Eitan Borgnia , Furong Huang , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

Saliency maps are a popular approach for explaining classifications of (convolutional) neural networks. However, it remains an open question as to how best to evaluate salience maps, with three families of evaluation methods commonly being…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Felix Kares , Timo Speith , Hanwei Zhang , Markus Langer

Saliency detection is one of the most challenging problems in image analysis and computer vision. Many approaches propose different architectures based on the psychological and biological properties of the human visual attention system.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Fateme Mostafaie , Zahra Nabizadeh , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi

Currently available methods for extracting saliency maps identify parts of the input which are the most important to a specific fixed classifier. We show that this strong dependence on a given classifier hinders their performance. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Konrad Zolna , Krzysztof J. Geras , Kyunghyun Cho

Saliency methods are widely used to visualize which input features are deemed relevant to a model's prediction. However, their visual plausibility can obscure critical limitations. In this work, we propose a diagnostic test for class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dane Williamson , Yangfeng Ji , Matthew Dwyer

Saliency maps have shown to be both useful and misleading for explaining model predictions especially in the context of images. In this paper, we perform sanity checks for text modality and show that the conclusions made for image do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Narine Kokhlikyan , Vivek Miglani , Bilal Alsallakh , Miguel Martin , Orion Reblitz-Richardson

Deep learning based salient object detection has recently achieved great success with its performance greatly outperforms any other unsupervised methods. However, annotating per-pixel saliency masks is a tedious and inefficient procedure.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Guanbin Li , Yuan Xie , Liang Lin

Image captioning has been recently gaining a lot of attention thanks to the impressive achievements shown by deep captioning architectures, which combine Convolutional Neural Networks to extract image representations, and Recurrent Neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Giuseppe Serra , Rita Cucchiara

Saliency methods are a common class of machine learning interpretability techniques that calculate how important each input feature is to a model's output. We find that, with the rapid pace of development, users struggle to stay informed of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Angie Boggust , Harini Suresh , Hendrik Strobelt , John V. Guttag , Arvind Satyanarayan

Backpropagation image saliency aims at explaining model predictions by estimating model-centric importance of individual pixels in the input. However, class-insensitivity of the earlier layers in a network only allows saliency computation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Mohammad A. A. K. Jalwana , Naveed Akhtar , Mohammed Bennamoun , Ajmal Mian

Saliency is the perceptual capacity of our visual system to focus our attention (i.e. gaze) on relevant objects. Neural networks for saliency estimation require ground truth saliency maps for training which are usually achieved via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Carola Figueroa-Flores , David Berga , Joost van der Weijer , Bogdan Raducanu

Gradient-based saliency methods are widely used to interpret deep neural networks, yet they often produce noisy and unstable explanations that poorly align with semantically meaningful input features. We argue that a fundamental cause of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ali Karkehabadi , Jamshid Hassanpour , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan