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Executing Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on neuromorphic hardware poses the problem of mapping neurons to cores. SNNs operate by propagating spikes between neurons that form a graph through synapses. Neuromorphic hardware mimics them…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Marco Ronzani , Cristina Silvano

Finding spike-based learning algorithms that can be implemented within the local constraints of neuromorphic systems, while achieving high accuracy, remains a formidable challenge. Equilibrium Propagation is a promising alternative to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Erwann Martin , Maxence Ernoult , Jérémie Laydevant , Shuai Li , Damien Querlioz , Teodora Petrisor , Julie Grollier

This paper introduces a novel approach in neuromorphic computing, integrating heterogeneous hardware nodes into a unified, massively parallel architecture. Our system transcends traditional single-node constraints, harnessing the neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Murat Isik , Jonathan Naoukin , I. Can Dikmen

Despite neuromorphic engineering promises the deployment of low latency, adaptive and low power systems that can lead to the design of truly autonomous artificial agents, the development of a fully neuromorphic artificial agent is still…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Jingyue Zhao , Nicoletta Risi , Marco Monforte , Chiara Bartolozzi , Giacomo Indiveri , Elisa Donati

Machine learning has emerged as the dominant tool for implementing complex cognitive tasks that require supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. While the resulting machines have demonstrated in some cases even super-human…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Bipin Rajendran , Abu Sebastian , Michael Schmuker , Narayan Srinivasa , Evangelos Eleftheriou

The rapid advancement of neuromorphic technology aims to address the memory wall challenge inherent in conventional von Neumann architectures. This paper critically examines current digital neuromorphic processors and their strategies to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Amirreza Yousefzadeh , Sameed Sohail , Ana Lucia Varbanescu

Traditional neuron models use analog values for information representation and computation, while all-or-nothing spikes are employed in the spiking ones. With a more brain-like processing paradigm, spiking neurons are more promising for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Qiang Yu , Shiming Song , Chenxiang Ma , Linqiang Pan , Kay Chen Tan

Neuromorphic computing is a brainlike information processing paradigm that requires adaptive learning mechanisms. A spiking neuro-evolutionary system is used for this purpose; plastic resistive memories are implemented as synapses in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Gerard David Howard , Larry Bull , Ben de Lacy Costello , Andrew Adamatzky , Ella Gale

Spiking neural network (SNN), as the third generation of artificial neural networks, has been widely adopted in vision and audio tasks. Nowadays, many neuromorphic platforms support SNN simulation and adopt Network-on-Chips (NoC)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Shiming Li , Shasha Guo , Limeng Zhang , Ziyang Kang , Shiying Wang , Wei Shi , Lei Wang , Weixia Xu

How spiking networks are able to perform probabilistic inference is an intriguing question, not only for understanding information processing in the brain, but also for transferring these computational principles to neuromorphic silicon…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-07-12 Mihai A. Petrovici , Anna Schroeder , Oliver Breitwieser , Andreas Grübl , Johannes Schemmel , Karlheinz Meier

The increasing energy footprint of artificial intelligence systems urges alternative computational models that are both efficient and scalable. Neuromorphic Computing (NC) addresses this challenge by empowering event-driven algorithms that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Jorge Mario Cruz-Duarte , El-Ghazali Talbi

Temporal coding is one approach to representing information in spiking neural networks. An example of its application is the location of sounds by barn owls that requires especially precise temporal coding. Dependent upon the azimuthal…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-01-24 Thomas Pfeil , Anne-Christine Scherzer , Johannes Schemmel , Karlheinz Meier

Analog neuromorphic hardware promises fast brain emulation on the one hand and an efficient implementation of novel, brain-inspired computing paradigms on the other. Bridging this spectrum requires flexibly configurable circuits with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Sebastian Billaudelle , Johannes Weis , Philipp Dauer , Johannes Schemmel

Achieving energy efficiency in learning is a key challenge for artificial intelligence (AI) computing platforms. Biological systems demonstrate remarkable abilities to learn complex skills quickly and efficiently. Inspired by this, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Ingo Blakowski , Dmitrii Zendrikov , Cristiano Capone , Giacomo Indiveri

In this paper, the foundations of neuromorphic computing, spiking neural networks (SNNs) and memristors, are analyzed and discussed. Neuromorphic computing is then applied to FPGA design for digital signal processing (DSP). Finite impulse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Justin London

In the rapid evolution of next-generation brain-inspired artificial intelligence and increasingly sophisticated electromagnetic environment, the most bionic characteristics and anti-interference performance of spiking neural networks show…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Lyuyang Sima , Joseph Bucukovski , Erwan Carlson , Nicole L. Yien

Neuromorphic computing aims to improve the efficiency of artificial neural networks by taking inspiration from biological neurons and leveraging temporal sparsity, spatial sparsity, and compute near/in memory. Although these approaches have…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Matthew Brehove , Sadia Anjum Tumpa , Espoir Kyubwa , Naresh Menon , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan

Neuromorphic computing is an emerging research field that aims to develop new intelligent systems by integrating theories and technologies from multi-disciplines such as neuroscience and deep learning. Currently, there have been various…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Chaofei Hong , Mengwen Yuan , Mengxiao Zhang , Xiao Wang , Chegnjun Zhang , Jiaxin Wang , Gang Pan , Zhaohui Wu , Huajin Tang

Analog neuromorphic photonic processors are uniquely positioned to harness the ultrafast bandwidth and inherent parallelism of light, enabling scalability, on-chip integration and significant improvement in computational performance.…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a more energy-efficient alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by mimicking biological neural principles, establishing them as a promising approach to mitigate the increasing energy demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Velibor Bojković , Xiaofeng Wu , Bin Gu