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Proof of work cryptocurrencies began with the promise of a more egalitarian future with a decentralized monetary system with no powerful entities in charge. While this vision is far from realized, these cryptocurrencies are still touted to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Sishan Long , Soumya Basu , Emin Gün Sirer

Cryptocurrencies have gained popularity across various sectors, especially in finance and investment. Despite their growing popularity, cryptocurrencies can be a high-risk investment due to their price volatility. The inherent volatility in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Rasoul Amirzadeh , Dhananjay Thiruvady , Asef Nazari , Mong Shan Ee

Blockchain, as a distributed ledger technology, becomes increasingly popular, especially for enabling valuable cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. However, the blockchain software systems inevitably have many bugs. Although bugs in smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Xiao Yi , Daoyuan Wu , Lingxiao Jiang , Yuzhou Fang , Kehuan Zhang , Wei Zhang

Cryptocurrencies and Web3 applications based on blockchain technology have flourished in the blockchain research field. Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, due to its unique architectural designs in consensus mechanisms, resource management, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Qian'ang Mao , Jiaxin Wang , Zhiqi Feng , Yi Zhang , Jiaqi Yan

Cryptocurrency is a form of digital currency using cryptographic techniques in a decentralized system for secure peer-to-peer transactions. It is gaining much popularity over traditional methods of payments because it facilitates a very…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Samyak Jain , Sarthak Johari , Radhakrishnan Delhibabu

The rise of blockchain technologies has given a boost to social good projects, which are trying to exploit various characteristic features of blockchains: the quick and inexpensive transfer of cryptocurrency, the transparency of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Massimo Bartoletti , Tiziana Cimoli , Livio Pompianu , Sergio Serusi

This paper examines the dynamics of Tether, the stablecoin with the largest market capitalization. We show that the distributional and dynamic properties of Tether/USD rates have been evolving from 2017 to 2021. We use local analysis…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-03 Antoine Djobenou , Emre Inan , Joann Jasiak

We discuss numerous justifications for why crypto-currencies would be highly conducive for the smooth functioning of today's society. We provide several comparisons between cryptocurrencies issued by blockchain projects, crypto, and…

General Economics · Economics 2023-07-18 Ravi Kashyap

Since its inception, the blockchain technology has shown promising application prospects. From the initial cryptocurrency to the current smart contract, blockchain has been applied to many fields. Although there are some studies on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Xiaoqi Li , Peng Jiang , Ting Chen , Xiapu Luo , Qiaoyan Wen

In recent years decentralized currencies developed through Blockchains are increasingly becoming popular because of their transparent nature and absence of a central controlling authority. Though a lot of computation power, disk space, and…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Anirudha Paul

Solidity is the predominant programming language for blockchain-based smart contracts, and its characteristics pose significant challenges for code analysis and maintenance. Traditional software analysis approaches, while effective for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Luca Ruschioni , Robert Shuttleworth , Rumyana Neykova , Barbara Re , Giuseppe Destefanis

We introduce systematic tests exploiting robust statistical and behavioral patterns in trading to detect fake transactions on 29 cryptocurrency exchanges. Regulated exchanges feature patterns consistently observed in financial markets and…

General Economics · Economics 2021-08-26 Lin William Cong , Xi Li , Ke Tang , Yang Yang

With the rise in using immature smart contract programming languages to build a decentralized application, more vulnerabilities have been introduced to the Blockchain and were the main reasons behind critical financial losses. Moreover, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Oualid Zaazaa , Hanan El Bakkali

This paper discusses the mechanisms of cryptocurrency, the idea of using security in the system, and the popularity of it. To begin, the authors provide a background on cryptocurrency and how it works. The authors understand that while most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Chelsea Medina , Lily Shaw , Dissy Vargas , Sundar Krishnan

The rising importance of cryptocurrencies as financial assets pushed their applicability from an object of speculation closer to standard financial instruments such as loans. In this work, we initiate the study of secure protocols that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Pavel Hubáček , Jan Václavek , Michelle Yeo

Bitcoin introduced delegation of control over a monetary system from a select few to all who participate in that system. This delegation is known as the decentralization of controlling power and is a powerful security mechanism for the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Ashish Rajendra Sai , Jim Buckley , Brian Fitzgerald , Andrew Le Gear

A cryptocurrency is a decentralized digital currency that is designed for secure and private asset transfer and storage. As a currency, it should be difficult to counterfeit and double-spend. In this paper, we review and analyze the major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Ehab Zaghloul , Tongtong Li , Matt Mutka , Jian Ren

In Proof-of-Work blockchains, difficulty algorithms serve the crucial purpose of maintaining a stable transaction throughput by dynamically adjusting the block difficulty in response to the miners' constantly changing computational power.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Dragos I. Ilie , Sam M. Werner , Iain Stewart , William J. Knottenbelt

Blockchain smart contracts have emerged as a transformative force in the digital realm, spawning a diverse range of compelling applications. Since solidity smart contracts across various domains manage trillions of dollars in virtual coins,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zhiyuan Wei , Xianhao Zhang , Jing Sun , Zijian Zhang , Liehuang Zhu

Cryptocurrency networks such as Bitcoin have emerged as a distributed alternative to traditional centralized financial transaction networks. However, there are major challenges in scaling up the throughput of such networks. Lightning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sushil Mahavir Varma , Siva Theja Maguluri