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Traffic classification on programmable data plane holds great promise for line-rate processing, with methods evolving from per-packet to flow-level analysis for higher accuracy. However, a trade-off between accuracy and efficiency persists.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Minyuan Xiao , Yunchun Li , Yuchen Zhao , Tong Guan , Mingyuan Xia , Wei Li

Traffic classification, a technique for assigning network flows to predefined categories, has been widely deployed in enterprise and carrier networks. With the massive adoption of mobile devices, encryption is increasingly used in mobile…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Kun Qiu , Ying Wang , Baoqian Li , Wenjun Zhu

Network traffic classification is an important part of network monitoring and network management. Three traditional methods for network traffic classification are flow-based, session-based, and packet-based, while flow-based and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yahui Hu , Ziqian Zeng , Junping Song , Luyang Xu , Xu Zhou

In this paper, we reveal the relationship between entropy rate and the congestion in complex network and solve it analytically for special cases. Finding maximizing entropy rate will lead to an improvement of traffic efficiency, we propose…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-09-15 Yuhang Fan , Hanyuan Liu , Shibo He

Network traffic classification using machine learning techniques has been widely studied. Most existing schemes classify entire traffic flows, but there are major limitations to their practicality. At a network router, the packets need to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Sayantan Chowdhury , Ben Liang , Ali Tizghadam , Ilijc Albanese

In this paper, we present a novel encrypted traffic classification model that operates directly on raw PCAP data without requiring prior assumptions about traffic type. Unlike existing methods, it is generalizable across multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Federica Bianchi , Edoardo Di Paolo , Angelo Spognardi

Network traffic classification, a task to classify network traffic and identify its type, is the most fundamental step to improve network services and manage modern networks. Classical machine learning and deep learning method have…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Yao Peng , Meirong He , Yu Wang

Network traffic includes data transmitted across a network, such as web browsing and file transfers, and is organized into packets (small units of data) and flows (sequences of packets exchanged between two endpoints). Classifying encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xu-Yang Chen , Lu Han , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

Zigbee is widely used in smart home environments due to its low power consumption and support for mesh networking, making it a relevant target for traffic-based IoT forensic analysis. However, existing studies often rely on limited datasets…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Antonio Boiano , Dalin Zheng , Fabio Palmese , Andrea Pimpinella , Alessandro E. C. Redondi

We consider the problem of detecting deliberate traffic discrimination on the Internet. Given the complex nature of the Internet, detection of deliberate discrimination is not easy to detect, and tools developed so far suffer from various…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Vinod S. Khandkar , Manjesh K. Hanawal

This paper introduces the Strain Elevation Tension Spring embedding (SETSe) algorithm, a graph embedding method that uses a physics model to create node and edge embeddings in undirected attribute networks. Using a low-dimensional…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Jonathan Bourne

The popularity of encryption mechanisms poses a great challenge to malicious traffic detection. The reason is traditional detection techniques cannot work without the decryption of encrypted traffic. Currently, research on encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Zihao Wang , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

As a typical entity of MEC (Mobile Edge Computing), 5G CPE (Customer Premise Equipment)/HGU (Home Gateway Unit) has proven to be a promising alternative to traditional Smart Home Gateway. Network TC (Traffic Classification) is a vital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Pan Wang , Zeyi Li , Mengyi Fu , Zixuan Wang , Ze Zhang , MinYao Liu

Encryption has been commonly used in network traffic to secure transmission, but it also brings challenges for malicious traffic detection, due to the invisibility of the packet payload. Graph-based methods are emerging as promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yunpeng Tan , Qingyang Li , Mingxin Yang , Yannan Hu , Lei Zhang , Xinggong Zhang

With more and more adoption of Deep Learning (DL) in the field of image processing, computer vision and NLP, researchers have begun to apply DL to tackle with encrypted traffic classification problems. Although these methods can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Pan Wang , Shuhang Li , Feng Ye , Zixuan Wang , Moxuan Zhang

Classifying network traffic according to their application-layer protocols is an important task in modern networks for traffic management and network security. Existing payload-based or statistical methods of application identification…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-05-31 Fei He , Fan Xiang , Yibo Xue , Jun Li

Network traffic anomaly detection represents a critical cybersecurity task, yet widespread encryption makes this task increasingly challenging. In response, image-based methods that model traffic as visual patterns have emerged as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xinglin Lian , Chengtai Cao , Ting Zhong , Yong Wang , Kai Chen , Fan Zhou

The design and evaluation of data-driven network intrusion detection methods are currently held back by a lack of adequate data, both in terms of benign and attack traffic. Existing datasets are mostly gathered in isolated lab environments…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Henry Clausen , Robert Flood , David Aspinall

In the steady-state contingency analysis, the traditional Newton-Raphson method suffers from non-convergence issues when solving post-outage power flow problems, which hinders the integrity and accuracy of security assessment. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Rui Yao , Feng Qiu , Kai Sun

Network monitoring generates massive volumes of IP flow records, posing significant challenges for storage and analysis. This paper presents a novel deep learning-based approach to compressing these records using autoencoders, enabling…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Adrian Pekar