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In this paper, we consider a sequential stochastic Stackelberg game with two players, a leader and a follower. The follower has access to the state of the system while the leader does not. Assuming that the players act in their respective…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-08 Rajesh K Mishra , Deepanshu Vasal , Sriram Vishwanath

The field of cybersecurity has mostly been a cat-and-mouse game with the discovery of new attacks leading the way. To take away an attacker's advantage of reconnaissance, researchers have proposed proactive defense methods such as Moving…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Sailik Sengupta , Subbarao Kambhampati

We study Stackelberg games where a principal repeatedly interacts with a non-myopic long-lived agent, without knowing the agent's payoff function. Although learning in Stackelberg games is well-understood when the agent is myopic, dealing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Nika Haghtalab , Thodoris Lykouris , Sloan Nietert , Alexander Wei

To take advantage of strategy commitment, a useful tactic of playing games, a leader must learn enough information about the follower's payoff function. However, this leaves the follower a chance to provide fake information and influence…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yurong Chen , Xiaotie Deng , Yuhao Li

Designing cyber defense systems to account for cognitive biases in human decision making has demonstrated significant success in improving performance against human attackers. However, much of the attention in this area has focused on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tailia Malloy , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Today's high-stakes adversarial interactions feature attackers who constantly breach the ever-improving security measures. Deception mitigates the defender's loss by misleading the attacker to make suboptimal decisions. In order to formally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Zheyuan Ryan Shi , Ariel D. Procaccia , Kevin S. Chan , Sridhar Venkatesan , Noam Ben-Asher , Nandi O. Leslie , Charles Kamhoua , Fei Fang

We study Stackelberg equilibria in finitely repeated games, where the leader commits to a strategy that picks actions in each round and can be adaptive to the history of play (i.e. they commit to an algorithm). In particular, we study…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Natalie Collina , Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran , Michael Kearns

Recent research efforts indicate that federated learning (FL) systems are vulnerable to a variety of security breaches. While numerous defense strategies have been suggested, they are mainly designed to counter specific attack patterns and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Henger Li , Tianyi Xu , Tao Li , Yunian Pan , Quanyan Zhu , Zizhan Zheng

Recent studies have shown that deep reinforcement learning (DRL) policies are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which raise concerns about applications of DRL to safety-critical systems. In this work, we adopt a principled way and study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Chao Wang

Adversarial machine learning, i.e., increasing the robustness of machine learning algorithms against so-called adversarial examples, is now an established field. Yet, newly proposed methods are evaluated and compared under unrealistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Maximilian Samsinger , Florian Merkle , Pascal Schöttle , Tomas Pevny

We study a continuous-time stochastic Stackelberg game in which a leader seeks to accomplish a primary objective while inferring a hidden parameter of a rational follower. The follower solves an entropy-regularized tracking problem and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Ruimeng Hu , Daniel Ralston , Xu Yang , Haosheng Zhou

A Stackelberg game is played between a leader and a follower. The leader first chooses an action, then the follower plays his best response. The goal of the leader is to pick the action that will maximize his payoff given the follower's…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Aaron Roth , Jonathan Ullman , Zhiwei Steven Wu

How should a player who repeatedly plays a game against a no-regret learner strategize to maximize his utility? We study this question and show that under some mild assumptions, the player can always guarantee himself a utility of at least…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yuan Deng , Jon Schneider , Balusubramanian Sivan

Adversarial Patrolling games form a subclass of Security games where a Defender moves between locations, guarding vulnerable targets. The main algorithmic problem is constructing a strategy for the Defender that minimizes the worst damage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Vojtěch Kůr , Vít Musil , Vojtěch Řehák

Information uncertainty is one of the major challenges facing applications of game theory. In the context of Stackelberg games, various approaches have been proposed to deal with the leader's incomplete knowledge about the follower's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Jiarui Gan , Haifeng Xu , Qingyu Guo , Long Tran-Thanh , Zinovi Rabinovich , Michael Wooldridge

In adversarial patrolling games, a mobile Defender strives to discover intrusions at vulnerable targets initiated by an Attacker. The Attacker's utility is traditionally defined as the probability of completing an attack, possibly weighted…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-02-03 David Klaška , Antonín Kučera , Vít Musil , Vojtěch Řehák

Detection of malicious behavior is a fundamental problem in security. One of the major challenges in using detection systems in practice is in dealing with an overwhelming number of alerts that are triggered by normal behavior (the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Liang Tong , Aron Laszka , Chao Yan , Ning Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

We study payoff manipulation in repeated multi-objective Stackelberg games, where a leader may strategically influence a follower's deterministic best response, e.g., by offering a share of their own payoff. We assume that the follower's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Phurinut Srisawad , Juergen Branke , Long Tran-Thanh

Stackelberg security game models and associated computational tools have seen deployment in a number of high-consequence security settings, such as LAX canine patrols and Federal Air Marshal Service. These models focus on isolated systems…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-29 Jian Lou , Andrew M. Smith , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Despite incredible advances, deep learning has been shown to be susceptible to adversarial attacks. Numerous approaches have been proposed to train robust networks both empirically and certifiably. However, most of them defend against only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Yimu Wang , Dinghuai Zhang , Yihan Wu , Heng Huang , Hongyang Zhang