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As the manufacturing industry advances with sensor integration and automation, the opaque nature of deep learning models in machine learning poses a significant challenge for fault detection and diagnosis. And despite the related predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ahmed Maged , Salah Haridy , Herman Shen

Bankruptcy is a legal procedure that claims a person or organization as a debtor. It is essential to ascertain the risk of bankruptcy at initial stages to prevent financial losses. In this perspective, different soft computing techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-13 Kalyan Nagaraj , Amulyashree Sridhar

Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a useful aid in numerous clinical applications for diagnosis and treatment decisions. Deep neural networks have shown same or better performance than clinicians in many tasks owing to the rapid…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-05 Zohaib Salahuddin , Henry C Woodruff , Avishek Chatterjee , Philippe Lambin

The lack of explainability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the first obstacles that the industry and regulators must overcome to mitigate the risks associated with the technology. The need for eXplainable AI (XAI) is evident in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Georgios Pavlidis

Black box neural networks are an indispensable part of modern robots. Nevertheless, deploying such high-stakes systems in real-world scenarios poses significant challenges when the stakeholders, such as engineers and legislative bodies,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Som Sagar , Aditya Taparia , Harsh Mankodiya , Pranav Bidare , Yifan Zhou , Ransalu Senanayake

Explainability has been a challenge in AI for as long as AI has existed. With the recently increased use of AI in society, it has become more important than ever that AI systems would be able to explain the reasoning behind their results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Kary Främling

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly complex and autonomous, concerns over transparency and accountability have intensified. The "black box" problem in AI decision-making limits stakeholders' ability to understand,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Afroja Akther , Ayesha Arobee , Abdullah Al Adnan , Omum Auyon , ASM Johirul Islam , Farhad Akter

Nowadays, the use of machine learning models is becoming a utility in many applications. Companies deliver pre-trained models encapsulated as application programming interfaces (APIs) that developers combine with third party components and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 José Mena , Oriol Pujol , Jordi Vitrià

AI systems have been widely adopted across various domains in the real world. However, in high-value, sensitive, or safety-critical applications such as self-management for personalized health or food recommendation with a specific purpose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Amit Sheth , Manas Gaur , Kaushik Roy , Revathy Venkataraman , Vedant Khandelwal

Explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) is seen as a solution to making AI systems less of a black box. It is essential to ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability, which are especially paramount in the financial sector. The aim…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Ouren Kuiper , Martin van den Berg , Joost van der Burgt , Stefan Leijnen

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and their applications in critical industries such as healthcare, fin-tech and cybersecurity have led to a surge in research in explainability in AI. Innovative research methods are being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aoun E Muhammad , Kin-Choong Yow , Nebojsa Bacanin-Dzakula , Muhammad Attique Khan

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being adopted in most industries, and for applications such as note taking and checking grammar, there is typically not a cause for concern. However, when constitutional rights are involved, as…

This paper examines the intricate interplay among AI safety, security, and governance by integrating technical systems engineering with principles of moral imagination and ethical philosophy. Drawing on foundational insights from Weapons of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Krti Tallam

Many of the computing systems programmed using Machine Learning are opaque: it is difficult to know why they do what they do or how they work. The Explainable Artificial Intelligence research program aims to develop analytic techniques with…

General Literature · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Carlos Zednik

Developing and implementing AI-based solutions help state and federal government agencies, research institutions, and commercial companies enhance decision-making processes, automate chain operations, and reduce the consumption of natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Andrei Svetovidov , Abdul Rahman , Feras A. Batarseh

In the last years many accurate decision support systems have been constructed as black boxes, that is as systems that hide their internal logic to the user. This lack of explanation constitutes both a practical and an ethical issue. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Riccardo Guidotti , Anna Monreale , Salvatore Ruggieri , Franco Turini , Dino Pedreschi , Fosca Giannotti

(Artificial) neural networks have become increasingly popular in mechanics to accelerate computations with model order reduction techniques and as universal models for a wide variety of materials. However, the major disadvantage of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Arnd Koeppe , Franz Bamer , Michael Selzer , Britta Nestler , Bernd Markert

Artificial Knowledge (AK) systems are transforming decision-making across critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and criminal justice. However, their growing opacity presents governance challenges that current regulatory approaches,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dalit Ken-Dror Feldman , Daniel Benoliel

There is a growing demand for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in healthcare, particularly as clinical decision support systems to assist medical professionals. However, the complexity of many of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Dima Alattal , Asal Khoshravan Azar , Puja Myles , Richard Branson , Hatim Abdulhussein , Allan Tucker

In AI and law, systems that are designed for decision support should be explainable when pursuing justice. In order for these systems to be fair and responsible, they should make correct decisions and make them using a sound and transparent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Cor Steging , Silja Renooij , Bart Verheij