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We provide a comprehensive overview of mathematical models and analytical techniques for millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular systems. The two fundamental physical differences from conventional Sub-6GHz cellular systems are (i) vulnerability…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Jeffrey G. Andrews , Tianyang Bai , Mandar Kulkarni , Ahmed Alkhateeb , Abhishek Gupta , Robert W. Heath

One of the main problems in mobile communication systems is the degradation of Radio Frequency (RF) connection when mobile user is far from base station. One way to solve this problem is to increase the transmitter power, but the mobile…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-21 Mohammad Ali Amirabadi

The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies offer the availability of huge bandwidths to provide unprecedented data rates to next-generation cellular mobile terminals. However, mmWave links are highly susceptible to rapid channel variations…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Marco Giordani , Michele Polese , Arnab Roy , Douglas Castor , Michele Zorzi

In this paper, we investigate a dual-hop relaying system, composed of radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) link. Decode-and-forward (DF) relay is employed to integrate the first RF link and the second line-of-sight FSO links.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Milica I. Petkovic , Predrag N. Ivanis , Goran T. Djordjevic

Standard cell-free (CF) multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) systems is a promising technology to cover the demands for higher data rates in fifth-generation (5G) networks and beyond. These systems assume a large number of distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos , Emil Björnson , Pandelis Kourtessis , Symeon Chatzinotas , John M. Senior

This paper studies the performance of multi-hop and mesh networks composed of millimeter wave (MMW)-based radio frequency (RF) and free-space optical (FSO) links. The results are obtained in cases with and without hybrid automatic repeat…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-29 Behrooz Makki , Tommy Svensson , Maite Brandt-Pearce , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

A major performance degrading factor in free space optical communication (FSO) systems is atmospheric turbulence. Spatial diversity techniques provide a promising approach to mitigate turbulence-induced fading. In this paper, we study the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-02-03 Mohmmadreza Aminikashani , Murat Uysal , Mohsen Kavehrad

Accurate characterization of free-space optical (FSO) channels requires joint estimation of transmitter pointing errors, receiver angle-of-arrival (AoA) fluctuations, and turbulence-induced fading. However, existing literature addresses…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Meysam Ghanbari , Rula Ammuri , Mazen Hasna , Khalid Qaraqe

In this work, we carry out a unified performance analysis of a dual-hop fixed gain relay system over asymmetric links composed of both radio-frequency (RF) and unified free-space optics (FSO) under the effect of pointing errors. The RF link…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-07 Emna Zedini , Imran Shafique Ansari , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Channel estimation for millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO with hybrid precoding is challenging, since the number of radio frequency (RF) chains is usually much smaller than that of antennas. To date, several channel estimation schemes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhen Gao , Linglong Dai , Chen Hu , Zhaocheng Wang

In this paper, we provide an analytical framework to analyze heterogeneous downlink mmWave cellular networks consisting of K tiers of randomly located base stations (BSs) where each tier operates in a mmWave frequency band.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Esma Turgut , M. Cenk Gursoy

The problem of beam alignment (BA) in a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) system operating at millimeter wave (mmWaves) carrier frequencies is considered in this paper. Two estimation algorithms are proposed, in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea , Maria Fresia , Xiaofeng Wu

Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems typically employ hybrid mixed signal processing to avoid expensive hardware and high training overheads. {However, the lack of fully digital beamforming at…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Asmaa Abdallah , Abdulkadir Celik , Mohammad M. Mansour , Ahmed M. Eltawil

In this paper, we consider a relay-assisted uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. In this system, two radio frequency (RF) users are grouped for simultaneous transmissions, over each resource block, to an intermediate relay.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Mohammad Vahid Jamali , Hessam Mahdavifar

This paper presents a unified analysis of the mixed radio-frequency (RF)/free-space optics (FSO) relaying system, with multiple variable-gain amplify-and-forward relays. The partial relay selection (PRS) is employed to select the active…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Milica I. Petkovic , Zeljen Trpovski

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is considered as an indispensable technique for the next-generation backhaul/fronthaul network thanks to its large transmission bandwidth. Especially for heterogeneous network (HetNet), the mmWave…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Yiwei Sun , Zhen Gao , Hua Wang , Di Wu

This paper investigates performance of a relay assisted hybrid Free Space Optical / Radio Frequency (FSO/RF) communication system. The proposed structure is particularly recommended anywhere that direct RF communication between mobile users…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-22 Mohammad Ali Amirabadi

We consider a cellular network, where the uplink transmissions to a base station (BS) are interferenced by other devices, a condition that may occur, e.g., in cell-free networks or when using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Stefano Tomasin , Raphael Hasler , Antonia M. Tulino , Matilde Sánchez-Fernández

Large antenna arrays will be needed in future millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks, enabling a large number of different possible antenna architectures and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. It is still unclear which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Mandar N. Kulkarni , Amitava Ghosh , Jeffrey G. Andrews

In this paper, we investigate the spatial-wideband effects in cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) systems in mmWave bands. The utilization of mmWave frequencies brings challenges such as signal attenuation and the need for denser networks…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Seyoung Ahn , Soohyeong Kim , Yongseok Kwon , Joohan Park , Jiseung Youn , Sunghyun Cho