Related papers: The self-control of Cosmic Rays
Our Galaxy is the largest nuclear interaction experiment which we know, because of the interaction between cosmic ray particles and the interstellar material. Cosmic rays are particles, which have been accelerated in the Galaxy or in…
This is the report on the cosmic ray direct track of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), broadly covering the contributions relating to charged cosmic rays (CRs) of Galactic origin. The contributions highlighted here…
Supernova remnants have long been considered as a promising candidate for sources of Galactic cosmic rays. However, modelling cosmic-ray transport around these sources is complicated by the fact that the overdensity of cosmic rays close to…
Context. Recent observations of unexpected structures in the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) spectrum and composition, as well as growing evidence for episodes of intense dynamical activity in the inner regions of the Galaxy, call for an…
A critical discussion of our knowledge about extragalactic cosmic rays and magnetic fields is attempted. What do we know for sure? What are our prejudices? How do we confront our models with the observations? How can we assess the…
It has long been recognized that magnetic fields play an important role in many astrophysical environments, yet the strength and structure of magnetic fields beyond our solar system have been at best only qualitatively constrained. The…
Cosmic rays (CRs) are dynamically important for the formation and evolution of galaxies by regulating star formation and by powering galactic outflows. However, to what extent CRs regulate galaxy formation depends on the coupling strength…
The general features of the cosmic-ray spectrum have been known for a long time. Although the basic approaches to understanding cosmic-ray propagation and acceleration have also been well understood for many years, there are several…
A review of the status of the knowledge in the field of High-energy cosmic particles is presented. The spectrum, arrival direction distribution and composition measurements are summarized, together with some implications for the…
The origin, propagation, and mechanisms of acceleration of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are not yet well understood. Aiming for a better interpretation of the available experimental data, these data have to be confronted with…
A review is given of the main properties of the charged component of galactic cosmic rays, particles detected at Earth with an energy spanning from tens of MeV up to about 10^19 eV. After a short introduction to the topic and an historical…
It is generally regarded that the bulk of cosmic rays originate in the Galaxy and that those below the 'knee' (the rapid steepening in the energy spectrum) at a few PeV come from Galactic supernovae, the particles being accelerated by the…
Magnetic fields play a critical role in the propagation of charged cosmic rays. Particular field configurations supported by different astrophysical objects may be observable in cosmic ray maps. We consider a simple configuration, a…
Cosmic rays are charged relativistic particles that reach the Earth with extremely high energies, providing striking evidence of the existence of effective accelerators in the Universe. Below an energy around $\sim 10^{17}$ eV cosmic rays…
The high rate of star formation and supernova explosions of starburst galaxies make them interesting sources of high energy radiation. Depending upon the level of turbulence present in their interstellar medium, the bulk of cosmic rays…
The ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed at the Earth are most likely accelerated in extra-galactic sources. For the typical luminosities invoked for such sources, the electric current associated to the flux of cosmic rays that leave them…
Cosmic rays (CRs) may drive outflows and alter the phase structure of the circumgalactic medium, with potentially important implications on galaxy formation. However, these effects ultimately depend on the dominant mode of transport of CRs…
We study the spectrum and anisotropies of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray transient sources, accounting for the effects of their propagation through the turbulent extragalactic magnetic fields. We consider either bursting sources or sources…
We discuss the region of transition between galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays. The exact shapes and compositions of these two components contains information about important parameters of powerful astrophysical sources and the…
Recent international efforts have brought us closer to unveiling the century old mystery of the origin of cosmic rays. Cosmic ray, gamma ray, and neutrino observatories are reaching the necessary sensitivity to study the highest energy…