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This short note is on a property of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence which indicates that independent Gaussian distributions minimize the KL divergence from given independent Gaussian distributions. The primary purpose of this note is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Song Fang , Quanyan Zhu

A new integral representation is derived using a definite integral given by Cauchy and used to evaluate a number of integrals containing the finite series of special functions.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Robert Reynolds

Mixture distributions arise in many application areas, for example as marginal distributions or convolutions of distributions. We present a method of constructing an easily tractable discrete mixture distribution as an approximation to a…

Computation · Statistics 2017-02-20 Christian Röver , Tim Friede

In this work, a mode of convergence for measurable functions is introduced. A related notion of Cauchy sequence is given and it is proved that this notion of convergence is complete in the sense that Cauchy sequences converge. Moreover, the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-04-17 Nuno J. Alves , João Paulos

We examine the estimation of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence and the use of the goodness-of-fit test for multivariate continuous distributions. Our starting point is the maximum entropy principle for Shannon entropy: among all…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Mehmet Siddik Cadirci , Martin Singull

The Kullback-Leibler divergence or relative entropy is an information-theoretic measure between statistical models that play an important role in measuring a distance between random variables. In the study of complex systems, random fields…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Alexandre L. M. Levada

A generalized Kullback-Leibler relative entropy is introduced starting with the symmetric Jackson derivative of the generalized overlap between two probability distributions. The generalization retains much of the structure possessed by the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Takuya Yamano

The probability density quantile (pdQ) carries essential information regarding shape and tail behavior of a location-scale family. Convergence of repeated applications of the pdQ mapping to the uniform distribution is investigated and new…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-23 Robert Staudte , Aihua Xia

By calculating the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two probability measures belonging to different exponential families, we end up with a formula that generalizes the ordinary Fenchel-Young divergence. Inspired by this formula, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Frank Nielsen

We show that the $f$-divergence between any two densities of potentially different location-scale families can be reduced to the calculation of the $f$-divergence between one standard density with another location-scale density. It follows…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-16 Frank Nielsen

For the regime-switching diffusion process with and without advection term we propose an integro-differential equation describing the densities of states continuously distributed over a segment. We demonstrate that there exists a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-18 Alexander S. Bratus , Olga S. Rozanova

Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is one of the most important divergence measures between probability distributions. In this paper, we prove several properties of KL divergence between multivariate Gaussian distributions. First, for any two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Yufeng Zhang , Wanwei Liu , Zhenbang Chen , Ji Wang , Kenli Li

\cite{tsagris2025a} proposed the generalized circular projected Cauchy (GCPC) distribution, whose special case is the wrapped Cauchy distribution. In this paper we first derive the relationship with the wrapped Cauchy distribution, and then…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Omar Alzeley , Michail Tsagris

We present a derivation of the Kullback Leibler (KL)-Divergence (also known as Relative Entropy) for the von Mises Fisher (VMF) Distribution in $d$-dimensions.

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-26 Tom Diethe

This article deals with goodness-of-fit test for the Cauchy distribution. Some tests based on Kullback-Leibler information are proposed, and shown to be consistent. Monte Carlo evidence indicates that the tests have satisfactory…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-27 M. Mahdizadeh , Ehsan Zamanzade

We study the problem of closeness testing for continuous distributions and its implications for causal discovery. Specifically, we analyze the sample complexity of distinguishing whether two multidimensional continuous distributions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Fateme Jamshidi , Sina Akbari , Negar Kiyavash

This paper shows that large nonparametric classes of conditional multivariate densities can be approximated in the Kullback--Leibler distance by different specifications of finite mixtures of normal regressions in which normal means and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-05 Andriy Norets

We compute the expected value of the Kullback-Leibler divergence to various fundamental statistical models with respect to canonical priors on the probability simplex. We obtain closed formulas for the expected model approximation errors,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-18 Guido F. Montufar , Johannes Rauh

Inferring and comparing complex, multivariable probability density functions is fundamental to problems in several fields, including probabilistic learning, network theory, and data analysis. Classification and prediction are the two faces…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-30 David J. Galas , T. Gregory Dewey , James Kunert-Graf , Nikita A. Sakhanenko

We give two new simple characterizations of the Cauchy distribution by using the M\"obius and Mellin transforms. They also yield characterizations of the circular Cauchy distribution and the mixture Cauchy model.

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-23 Kazuki Okamura