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In this article, we propose a new hypothesis testing method for directed acyclic graph (DAG). While there is a rich class of DAG estimation methods, there is a relative paucity of DAG inference solutions. Moreover, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-25 Chengchun Shi , Yunzhe Zhou , Lexin Li

Many applications, e.g., digital twins, rely on sensing data from Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which is used to infer event(s) and initiate actions to affect an environment. This gives rise to concerns relating to data integrity and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Changlin Yang , Ying Liu , Kwan-Wu Chin , Jiguang Wang , Huawei Huang , Zibin Zheng

In recent years several distributed ledger technologies based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) have appeared on the market. Similar to blockchain technologies, DAG-based systems aim to build an immutable ledger and are faced with security…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Andreas Penzkofer , Bartosz Kusmierz , Angelo Capossele , William Sanders , Olivia Saa

In protocols with asymmetric trust, each participant is free to make its own individual trust assumptions about others, captured by an asymmetric quorum system. This contrasts with ordinary, symmetric quorum systems and with threshold…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ignacio Amores-Sesar , Christian Cachin , Juan Villacis , Luca Zanolini

We introduce the theoretical foundations of the Tangle 2.0, a probabilistic leaderless consensus protocol based on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle. The Tangle naturally succeeds the blockchain as its next evolutionary step…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Sebastian Müller , Andreas Penzkofer , Nikita Polyanskii , Jonas Theis , William Sanders , Hans Moog

Blockchain technology has been revolutionizing many fields since last decade. Its true potential is not practically utilized yet. In a very short period of time, it has evolved twice - Smart contracts and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). DAG…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Anand Devarajan , Erkan Karabulut

The scheduling and schedulability analysis of real-time directed acyclic graph (DAG) task systems have received much recent attention. The DAG model can accurately represent intra-task parallelim and precedence constraints existing in many…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Zheng Dong , Cong Liu

We propose a novel consensus protocol based on a hybrid approach, that combines a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and a classical chain of blocks. This architecture allows us to enforce collective block construction, minimising the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Marcin Abram , David Galindo , Daniel Honerkamp , Jonathan Ward , Jin-Mann Wong

The feed-forward relationship naturally observed in time-dependent processes and in a diverse number of real systems -such as some food-webs and electronic and neural wiring- can be described in terms of so-called directed acyclic graphs…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 Joaquín Goñi , Bernat Corominas-Murtra , Ricard V. Solé , Carlos Rodríguez-Caso

Recently, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) based Distributed Ledgers have been proposed for various applications in the smart mobility domain [1]. While many application studies have been described in the literature, an open problem in the DLT…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Andrew Cullen , Pietro Ferraro , Christopher King , Robert Shorten

To achieve high throughput in the POW based blockchain systems, researchers proposed a series of methods, and DAG is one of the most active and promising fields. We designed and implemented the StreamNet, aiming to engineer a scalable and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Zhaoming Yin , Anbang Ruan , Ming Wei , Huafeng Li , Kai Yuan , Junqing Wang , Yahui Wang , Ming Ni , Andrew Martin

The blockchain brought interesting properties for many practical applications. However, some properties, such as the transaction processing throughput remained limited, especially in Proof-of-Work blockchains. Therefore, several promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Martin Perešíni , Tomáš Hladký , Kamil Malinka , Ivan Homoliak

Bitcoin is a decentralised digital currency that serves as an alternative to existing transaction systems based on an external central authority for security. Although Bitcoin has many desirable properties, one of its fundamental…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Georgios Birmpas , Elias Koutsoupias , Philip Lazos , Francisco J. Marmolejo-Cossío

Blockchains use consensus protocols to reach agreement, e.g., on the ordering of transactions. DAG-based consensus protocols are increasingly adopted by blockchain companies to reduce energy consumption and enhance security. These protocols…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Nathalie Bertrand , Pranav Ghorpade , Sasha Rubin , Bernhard Scholz , Pavle Subotic

Distributed ledgers, including blockchain and other decentralized databases, are designed to store information online where all trusted network members can update the data with transparency. The dynamics of ledger's development can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Jiewei Feng , Christopher King

The growing number of applications for distributed ledger technologies is driving both industry and academia to solve the limitations of blockchain, particularly its scalability issues. Recent distributed ledger technologies have replaced…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Bartosz Kusmierz , William Sanders , Andreas Penzkofer , Angelo Capossele , Alon Gal

We study the problem of reducing test-time acquisition costs in classification systems. Our goal is to learn decision rules that adaptively select sensors for each example as necessary to make a confident prediction. We model our system as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-27 Joseph Wang , Kirill Trapeznikov , Venkatesh Saligrama

IOTA Tangle is a distributed ledger technology (DLT), primarily designed for Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks and applications. IOTA Tangle utilizes a direct acyclic graph (DAG) structure for the ledger, with its protocol offering features…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Nathan Sealey , Adnan Aijaz , Ben Holden

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) serve as crucial data representations in domains such as hardware synthesis and compiler/program optimization for computing systems. DAG generative models facilitate the creation of synthetic DAGs, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mufei Li , Viraj Shitole , Eli Chien , Changhai Man , Zhaodong Wang , Srinivas Sridharan , Ying Zhang , Tushar Krishna , Pan Li

Estimating the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of features (variables) plays a vital role in revealing the latent data generation process and providing causal insights in various applications. Although there have been many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Shaohua Fan , Shuyang Zhang , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi