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The escalating volume of collected healthcare textual data presents a unique challenge for automated Multi-Label Text Classification (MLTC), which is primarily due to the scarcity of annotated texts for training and their nuanced nature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam

Extreme Multi-label classification (XML) is an important yet challenging machine learning task, that assigns to each instance its most relevant candidate labels from an extremely large label collection, where the numbers of labels, features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Bingyu Wang , Li Chen , Wei Sun , Kechen Qin , Kefeng Li , Hui Zhou

Automatic topic classification has been studied extensively to assist managing and indexing scientific documents in a digital collection. With the large number of topics being available in recent years, it has become necessary to arrange…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Mobashir Sadat , Cornelia Caragea

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) aims to tag a text instance with the most relevant subset of labels from an extremely large label set. XMTC has attracted much recent attention due to massive label sets yielded by modern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Daoming Zong , Shiliang Sun

Legal multi-label classification is a critical task for organizing and accessing the vast amount of legal documentation. Despite its importance, it faces challenges such as the complexity of legal language, intricate label dependencies, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Emily Johnson , Xavier Holt , Noah Wilson

Multi-label legal annotation requires assigning multiple labels from large, evolving taxonomies to long, fact-intensive documents, often under limited supervision. Parametric encoders typically require task-specific training and retraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Li Zhang , Jaromir Savelka , Kevin Ashley

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) is a learning task of tagging instances with a small subset of relevant labels chosen from an extremely large pool of possible labels. Problems of this scale can be efficiently handled by organizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Kalina Jasinska-Kobus , Marek Wydmuch , Krzysztof Dembczynski , Mikhail Kuznetsov , Robert Busa-Fekete

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) is a problem of tagging an instance with a small subset of relevant labels chosen from an extremely large pool of possible labels. Large label spaces can be efficiently handled by organizing labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Marek Wydmuch , Kalina Jasinska , Mikhail Kuznetsov , Róbert Busa-Fekete , Krzysztof Dembczyński

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) is the problem of finding the relevant labels for an input, from a very large universe of possible labels. We consider XMC in the setting where labels are available only for groups of samples - but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yanyao Shen , Hsiang-fu Yu , Sujay Sanghavi , Inderjit Dhillon

In Extreme Multi Label Completion (XMLCo), the objective is to predict the missing labels of a collection of documents. Together with XML Classification, XMLCo is arguably one of the most challenging document classification tasks, as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Julien Audiffren , Christophe Broillet , Ljiljana Dolamic , Philippe Cudré-Mauroux

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) is the task of finding the most relevant subset labels from an extremely large-scale label collection. Recently, some deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art results in XMTC tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Jie Cao , Yin Zhang

Large-scale Multi-label Text Classification (LMTC) has a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications and presents interesting challenges. First, not all labels are well represented in the training set, due to the very large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ilias Chalkidis , Manos Fergadiotis , Sotiris Kotitsas , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Nikolaos Aletras , Ion Androutsopoulos

EuroVoc is a multilingual thesaurus that was built for organizing the legislative documentary of the European Union institutions. It contains thousands of categories at different levels of specificity and its descriptors are targeted by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Andrei-Marius Avram , Vasile Pais , Dan Tufis

Novel contexts may often arise in complex querying scenarios such as in evidence-based medicine (EBM) involving biomedical literature, that may not explicitly refer to entities or canonical concept forms occurring in any fact- or rule-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Manirupa Das , Juanxi Li , Eric Fosler-Lussier , Simon Lin , Soheil Moosavinasab , Steve Rust , Yungui Huang , Rajiv Ramnath

Extreme multi-label learning (XML) or classification has been a practical and important problem since the boom of big data. The main challenge lies in the exponential label space which involves $2^L$ possible label sets especially when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Wenjie Zhang , Junchi Yan , Xiangfeng Wang , Hongyuan Zha

Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMTC) has been a tough challenge in machine learning research and applications due to the sheer sizes of the label spaces and the severe data scarce problem associated with the long tail of rare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Ruohong Zhang , Yau-Shian Wang , Yiming Yang , Donghan Yu , Tom Vu , Likun Lei

Multi-label Text Classification (MLTC) is the task of categorizing documents into one or more topics. Considering the large volumes of data and varying domains of such tasks, fully supervised learning requires manually fully annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Ziwen Liu , Josep Grau-Bove , Scott Allan Orr

The eXtreme Multi-label text Classification(XMC) refers to training a classifier that assigns a text sample with relevant labels from an extremely large-scale label set (e.g., millions of labels). We propose MatchXML, an efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Hui Ye , Rajshekhar Sunderraman , Shihao Ji

Recent advances in language modelling has significantly decreased the need of labelled data in text classification tasks. Transformer-based models, pre-trained on unlabeled data, can outmatch the performance of models trained from scratch…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Mariana Yukari Noguti , Edduardo Vellasques , Luiz Eduardo Soares Oliveira

Extreme multi-label classification (XMLC) refers to the task of tagging instances with small subsets of relevant labels coming from an extremely large set of all possible labels. Recently, XMLC has been widely applied to diverse web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Marek Wydmuch , Kalina Jasinska-Kobus , Rohit Babbar , Krzysztof Dembczyński