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A remarkable recent discovery in machine learning has been that deep neural networks can achieve impressive performance (in terms of both lower training error and higher generalization capacity) in the regime where they are massively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Thanh V. Nguyen , Raymond K. W. Wong , Chinmay Hegde

We discovered that the neural networks, especially the deep ReLU networks, demonstrate an `over-generalization' phenomenon. That is, the output values for the inputs that were not seen during training are mapped close to the output range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Harsh Shrivastava

There has been a recent surge of interest in understanding the convergence of gradient descent (GD) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in overparameterized neural networks. Most previous works assume that the training data is provided a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-04 Jiaming Xu , Hanjing Zhu

We describe an algorithm that learns two-layer residual units using rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation: suppose the input $\mathbf{x}$ is from a distribution with support space $\mathbb{R}^d$ and the ground-truth generative model is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Zhunxuan Wang , Linyun He , Chunchuan Lyu , Shay B. Cohen

In many numerical simulations stochastic gradient descent (SGD) type optimization methods perform very effectively in the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) but till this day it remains an open problem of research to provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Martin Hutzenthaler , Arnulf Jentzen , Katharina Pohl , Adrian Riekert , Luca Scarpa

In deep learning, a central issue is to understand how neural networks efficiently learn high-dimensional features. To this end, we explore the gradient descent learning of a general Gaussian Multi-index model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Bohan Zhang , Zihao Wang , Hengyu Fu , Jason D. Lee

A numerical and phenomenological study of the gradient descent (GD) algorithm for training two-layer neural network models is carried out for different parameter regimes when the target function can be accurately approximated by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Chao Ma , Lei Wu , Weinan E

We develop a geometric approximation theory for deep feed-forward neural networks with ReLU activations. Given a $d$-dimensional hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$ represented as the graph of a $C^2$-function $\phi$, we show that a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jonatan Vallin , Karl Larsson , Mats G. Larson

We study nonparametric regression using an over-parameterized two-layer neural networks trained with algorithmic guarantees in this paper. We consider the setting where the training features are drawn uniformly from the unit sphere in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-07 Yingzhen Yang , Ping Li

Linearized shallow neural networks that are constructed by fixing the hidden-layer parameters have recently shown strong performance in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Such models, widely used in the random feature method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Tong Mao , Jinchao Xu , Xiaofeng Xu

Training a one-node neural network with ReLU activation function (One-Node-ReLU) is a fundamental optimization problem in deep learning. In this paper, we begin with proving the NP-hardness of training One-Node-ReLU. We then present an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-23 Santanu S. Dey , Guanyi Wang , Yao Xie

Over-parametrization is an important technique in training neural networks. In both theory and practice, training a larger network allows the optimization algorithm to avoid bad local optimal solutions. In this paper we study a closely…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-23 Xiang Wang , Chenwei Wu , Jason D. Lee , Tengyu Ma , Rong Ge

The training of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation via gradient descent (GD) type optimization schemes is nowadays a common industrially relevant procedure. Till this day in the scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Simon Eberle , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert , Georg S. Weiss

When optimizing over-parameterized models, such as deep neural networks, a large set of parameters can achieve zero training error. In such cases, the choice of the optimization algorithm and its respective hyper-parameters introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Gauthier Gidel , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

We study the least-square regression problem with a two-layer fully-connected neural network, with ReLU activation function, trained by gradient flow. Our first result is a generalization result, that requires no assumptions on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Junhyung Park , Patrick Bloebaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

This paper focuses on the problem of Differentially Private Stochastic Optimization for (multi-layer) fully connected neural networks with a single output node. In the first part, we examine cases with no hidden nodes, specifically focusing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Hanpu Shen , Cheng-Long Wang , Zihang Xiang , Yiming Ying , Di Wang

Aimed at explaining the surprisingly good generalization behavior of overparameterized deep networks, recent works have developed a variety of generalization bounds for deep learning, all based on the fundamental learning-theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Vaishnavh Nagarajan , J. Zico Kolter

Recent works have shown that on sufficiently over-parametrized neural nets, gradient descent with relatively large initialization optimizes a prediction function in the RKHS of the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). This analysis leads to global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-28 Colin Wei , Jason D. Lee , Qiang Liu , Tengyu Ma

It is shown that over-parameterized neural networks can achieve minimax optimal rates of convergence (up to logarithmic factors) for learning functions from certain smooth function classes, if the weights are suitably constrained or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-05 Yunfei Yang , Ding-Xuan Zhou

We study the problem of gradient descent learning of a single-index target function $f_*(\boldsymbol{x}) = \textstyle\sigma_*\left(\langle\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol{\theta}\rangle\right)$ under isotropic Gaussian data in $\mathbb{R}^d$,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Jason D. Lee , Kazusato Oko , Taiji Suzuki , Denny Wu
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