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Understanding the decisions made by deep neural networks is essential in high-stakes domains such as medical imaging and autonomous driving. Yet, these models often lack transparency, particularly in computer vision.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Viktar Dubovik , Łukasz Struski , Jacek Tabor , Dawid Rymarczyk

Saliency methods are widely used to visualize which input features are deemed relevant to a model's prediction. However, their visual plausibility can obscure critical limitations. In this work, we propose a diagnostic test for class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dane Williamson , Yangfeng Ji , Matthew Dwyer

Over recent years, deep convolutional neural networks have significantly advanced the field of face recognition techniques for both verification and identification purposes. Despite the impressive accuracy, these neural networks are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Yuhang Lu , Zewei Xu , Touradj Ebrahimi

This paper is motivated from a fundamental curiosity on what defines a category of object shapes. For example, we may have the common knowledge that a plane has wings, and a chair has legs. Given the large shape variations among different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Chaozheng Wu , Lin Sun , Xun Xu , Kui Jia

Visual explanation maps enhance the trustworthiness of decisions made by deep learning models and offer valuable guidance for developing new algorithms in image recognition tasks. Class activation maps (CAM) and their variants (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yi Liao , Ugochukwu Ejike Akpudo , Jue Zhang , Yongsheng Gao , Jun Zhou , Wenyi Zeng , Weichuan Zhang

Explainable AI aims to render model behavior understandable by humans, which can be seen as an intermediate step in extracting causal relations from correlative patterns. Due to the high risk of possible fatal decisions in image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lukas Klein , João B. S. Carvalho , Mennatallah El-Assady , Paolo Penna , Joachim M. Buhmann , Paul F. Jaeger

Explainable artificial intelligence is increasingly employed to understand the decision-making process of deep learning models and create trustworthiness in their adoption. However, the explainability of Monocular Depth Estimation (MDE)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Lorenzo Cirillo , Claudio Schiavella , Lorenzo Papa , Paolo Russo , Irene Amerini

Interpretable machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence have become essential in many applications. The trade-off between interpretability and model performance is the traitor to developing intrinsic and model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chiara Balestra , Bin Li , Emmanuel Müller

Self-supervised learning holds promise in leveraging large numbers of unlabeled data. However, its success heavily relies on the highly-curated dataset, e.g., ImageNet, which still needs human cleaning. Directly learning representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Meilin Chen , Yizhou Wang , Shixiang Tang , Feng Zhu , Haiyang Yang , Lei Bai , Rui Zhao , Donglian Qi , Wanli Ouyang

Integrating human perceptual priors into the training of neural networks has been shown to raise model generalization, serve as an effective regularizer, and align models with human expertise for applications in high-risk domains. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Colton R. Crum , Christopher Sweet , Adam Czajka

In the past years, deep convolutional neural networks have been pushing the frontier of face recognition (FR) techniques in both verification and identification scenarios. Despite the high accuracy, they are often criticized for lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Yuhang Lu , Zewei Xu , Touradj Ebrahimi

While a lot of research in explainable AI focuses on producing effective explanations, less work is devoted to the question of how people understand and interpret the explanation. In this work, we focus on this question through a study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Hendrik Schuff , Alon Jacovi , Heike Adel , Yoav Goldberg , Ngoc Thang Vu

Saliency methods have been widely used to highlight important input features in model predictions. Most existing methods use backpropagation on a modified gradient function to generate saliency maps. Thus, noisy gradients can result in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Aya Abdelsalam Ismail , Héctor Corrada Bravo , Soheil Feizi

The complexity of visual stimuli plays an important role in many cognitive phenomena, including attention, engagement, memorability, time perception and aesthetic evaluation. Despite its importance, complexity is poorly understood and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Tingke Shen , Surabhi S Nath , Aenne Brielmann , Peter Dayan

In recent years, neural networks have continued to flourish, achieving high efficiency in detecting relevant objects in photos or simply recognizing (classifying) these objects - mainly using CNN networks. Current solutions, however, are…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Filip Marcinek

Video classification is productive in many practical applications, and the recent deep learning has greatly improved its accuracy. However, existing works often model video frames indiscriminately, but from the view of motion, video frames…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Yunzhen Zhao , Yuxin Peng

Deep Learning has revolutionized machine learning, reaching unprecedented levels of accuracy, but at the cost of reduced interpretability. Especially in image processing systems, deep networks transform local pixel information into more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xinyi Zhang , Manuel Günther

Artificial intelligence models are increasingly scaled to improve predictive accuracy, yet it remains unclear whether scale improves the quality of post-hoc explanations. We investigate this relationship by evaluating 11 computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mateusz Cedro , Marcin Chlebus

Explanations in Computer Vision are often desired, but most Deep Neural Networks can only provide saliency maps with questionable faithfulness. Self-Explaining Neural Networks (SENN) extract interpretable concepts with fidelity, diversity,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Thomas Norrenbrock , Marco Rudolph , Bodo Rosenhahn

With the proliferation of image-based applications in various domains, the need for accurate and interpretable image similarity measures has become increasingly critical. Existing image similarity models often lack transparency, making it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ioannis E. Livieris , Emmanuel Pintelas , Niki Kiriakidou , Panagiotis Pintelas