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Urn models play an important role to express various basic ideas in probability theory. Here we extend this urn model with tubes. An urn contains coloured balls, which can be drawn with probabilities proportional to the numbers of balls of…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Bart Jacobs

We discuss a variant of the Ramsey and the directed Ramsey problem. First, consider a complete graph on $n$ vertices and a two-coloring of the edges such that every edge is colored with at least one color and the number of bicolored edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-22 Zoltán Lóránt Nagy

Given a graphical degree sequence ${\bf d}=(d_1,\ldots, d_n)$, let $G(n, {\bf d})$ denote a uniformly random graph on vertex set $[n]$ where vertex $ i$ has degree $d_i$ for every $1\le i\le n$. We give upper and lower bounds on the joint…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Pu Gao , Yuval Ohapkin

It is proved that for integers $b, r$ such that $3 \leq b < r \leq \binom{b+1}{2} - 1$, there exists a red/blue edge-colored graph such that the red degree of every vertex is $r$, the blue degree of every vertex is $b$, yet in the closed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Yair Caro , Josef Lauri , Xandru Mifsud , Raphael Yuster , Christina Zarb

We show a method how to convert any graph into the binary number and vice versa. We derive upper bound for maximum number of graphs, that, have fixed number of vertices and can be colored with n colors (n is any given number). Proof for the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Kamil Kulesza , Zbigniew Kotulski

We study the behaviour of random labelled and unlabelled cographs with n vertices as n tends to infinity. Our main result is a novel probabilistic limit in the space of graphons.

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-26 Benedikt Stufler

This thesis examines edge-reinforced random walks with some modifications to the standard definition. An overview of known results relating to the standard model is given and the proof of recurrence for the standard linearly edge-reinforced…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-07 Fabian Michel

In a proper edge-coloring the edges of every color form a matching. A matching is induced if the end-vertices of its edges induce a matching. A strong edge-coloring is an edge-coloring in which the edges of every color form an induced…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Hervé Hocquard , Dimitri Lajou , Borut Lu{ž}ar

Inspired by earlier results about proper and polychromatic coloring of hypergraphs, we investigate such colorings of directed hypergraphs, that is, hypergraphs in which the vertices of each hyperedge is partitioned into two parts, a tail…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-24 Balázs Keszegh

We investigate the asymptotic structure of a random perfect graph $P_n$ sampled uniformly from the perfect graphs on vertex set $\{1,\ldots,n\}$. Our approach is based on the result of Pr\"omel and Steger that almost all perfect graphs are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-07 Colin McDiarmid , Nikola Yolov

Consider the following coloring process in a simple directed graph $G(V,E)$ with positive indegrees. Initially, a set $S$ of vertices are white, whereas all the others are black. Thereafter, a black vertex is colored white whenever more…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-03-10 Ching-Lueh Chang , Yuh-Dauh Lyuu

The asymptotic behaviour of a generalised P\'olya--Eggenberger urn is well--known to depend on the spectrum of its replacement matrix: If its dominant eigenvalue $r$ is simple and no other eigenvalue is `large' in the sense that its real…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-13 Noela Müller

We study the convergence of graphs consisting of finitely many internal rays for degenerating Newton maps. We state a sufficient condition to guarantee the convergence. As an application, we investigate the boundedness of hyperbolic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Yan Gao , Hongming Nie

Vizing's theorem states that any graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be properly edge colored with at most $\Delta+1$ colors. In the online setting, it has been a matter of interest to find an algorithm that can properly edge color any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Aditi Dudeja , Rashmika Goswami , Michael Saks

It is conjectured that every edge-colored complete graph $G$ on $n$ vertices satisfying $\Delta^{mon}(G)\leq n-3k+1$ contains $k$ vertex-disjoint properly edge-colored cycles. We confirm this conjecture for $k=2$, prove several additional…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-30 Ruonan Li , Hajo Broersma , Shenggui Zhang

In majority dynamics, agents located at the vertices of an undirected simple graph update their binary opinions synchronously by adopting those of the majority of their neighbors. On infinite unimodular transitive graphs (e.g., Cayley…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-24 Itai Benjamini , Siu-On Chan , Ryan O'Donnell , Omer Tamuz , Li-Yang Tan

An injective colouring of a graph is a colouring in which every two vertices sharing a common neighbour receive a different colour. Chen, Hahn, Raspaud and Wang conjectured that every planar graph of maximum degree $\Delta \ge 3$ admits an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Matias Daneels , Jan Goedgebeur , Jarne Renders

Zero forcing is a dynamic graph coloring process whereby a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor forces that neighbor to be colored. This forcing process has been used to approximate certain linear algebraic parameters, as well as…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Boris Brimkov , Randy Davila

It is well known that in a small P\'olya urn, i.e., an urn where second largest real part of an eigenvalue is at most half the largest eigenvalue, the distribution of the numbers of balls of different colours in the urn is asymptotically…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Svante Janson

The law of a finite graph is a probability measure induced by the orbits of the graph under its automorphism group. Every law satisfies the intrinsic mass transport principle, which is also known as unimodularity. We discuss the convergence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-03-30 Igor Artemenko