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Standardized surveys scale efficiently but sacrifice depth, while conversational interviews improve response quality at the cost of scalability and consistency. This study bridges the gap between these methods by introducing a framework for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Soubhik Barari , Jarret Angbazo , Natalie Wang , Leah M. Christian , Elizabeth Dean , Zoe Slowinski , Brandon Sepulvado

Interview chatbots engage users in a text-based conversation to draw out their views and opinions. It is, however, challenging to build effective interview chatbots that can handle user free-text responses to open-ended questions and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Ziang Xiao , Michelle X. Zhou , Wenxi Chen , Huahai Yang , Changyan Chi

Informed consent is a core cornerstone of ethics in human subject research. Through the informed consent process, participants learn about the study procedure, benefits, risks, and more to make an informed decision. However, recent studies…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Ziang Xiao , Tiffany Wenting Li , Karrie Karahalios , Hari Sundaram

Driven by ongoing improvements in machine learning, chatbots have increasingly grown from experimental interface prototypes to reliable and robust tools for process automation. Building on these advances, companies have identified various…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Alessandro Casadei , Stephan Schlögl , Markus Bergmann

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are increasingly more realistic and capable of dynamic conversations. In online surveys, anthropomorphic agents could help address issues like careless responding and satisficing, which originate from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Matus Krajcovic , Peter Demcak , Eduard Kuric

Recent studies show the effectiveness of interview chatbots for information elicitation. However, designing an effective interview chatbot is non-trivial. Few tools exist to help designers design, evaluate, and improve an interview chatbot…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Xu Han , Michelle Zhou , Matthew Turner , Tom Yeh

Collecting data on sensitive topics remains challenging in HCI, as participants often withhold information due to privacy concerns and social desirability bias. While chatbots' perceived anonymity may reduce these barriers, research…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ziwen Li , Ziang Xiao , Tianshi Li

Chatbots powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have rapidly become a significant part of everyday life, with over a quarter of American adults using them multiple times per week. While these tools offer potential benefits and risks, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Joseph Heffner , Chongyu Qin , Martin Chadwick , Chris Knutsen , Christopher Summerfield , Zeb Kurth-Nelson , Robb B. Rutledge

With the rise of voice-enabled artificial intelligence (AI) systems, quantitative survey researchers have access to a new data-collection mode: AI telephone surveying. By using AI to conduct phone interviews, researchers can scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Danny D. Leybzon , Shreyas Tirumala , Nishant Jain , Summer Gillen , Michael Jackson , Cameron McPhee , Jennifer Schmidt

Chatbots, the common moniker for collaborative assistants, are Artificial Intelligence (AI) software that enables people to naturally interact with them to get tasks done. Although chatbots have been studied since the dawn of AI, they have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Biplav Srivastava , Kausik Lakkaraju , Tarmo Koppel , Vignesh Narayanan , Ashish Kundu , Sachindra Joshi

Surveys and interviews are widely used for collecting insights on emerging or hypothetical scenarios. Traditional human-led methods often face challenges related to cost, scalability, and consistency. Recently, various domains have begun to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Jiangbo Yu , Jinhua Zhao , Luis Miranda-Moreno , Matthew Korp

Chatbots are conversational software applications designed to interact dialectically with users for a plethora of different purposes. Surprisingly, these colloquial agents have only recently been coupled with computational models of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Federico Castagna , Nadin Kokciyan , Isabel Sassoon , Simon Parsons , Elizabeth Sklar

The emergence of an AI-powered chatbot that can generate human-like sentences and write coherent essays has caught the world's attention. This paper discusses the historical overview of chatbots and the technology behind Chat Generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Sakib Shahriar , Kadhim Hayawi

Artificially intelligent chatbot, such as ChatGPT, represents a recent and powerful advancement in the AI domain. Users prefer them for obtaining quick and precise answers, avoiding the usual hassle of clicking through multiple links in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Seraj A. M. Mostafa , Md Z. Islam , Mohammad Z. Islam , Fairose Jeehan , Saujanna Jafreen , Raihan U. Islam

Intelligent conversational agents, or chatbots, can take on various identities and are increasingly engaging in more human-centered conversations with persuasive goals. However, little is known about how identities and inquiry strategies…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Weiyan Shi , Xuewei Wang , Yoo Jung Oh , Jingwen Zhang , Saurav Sahay , Zhou Yu

Surveys are a widespread method for collecting data at scale, but their rigid structure often limits the depth of qualitative insights obtained. While interviews naturally yield richer responses, they are challenging to conduct across…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Rune M. Jacobsen , Samuel Rhys Cox , Carla F. Griggio , Niels van Berkel

Telephone surveys remain a valuable tool for gathering insights but typically require substantial resources in training and coordinating human interviewers. This work presents an AI-driven telephone survey system integrating text-to-speech…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Max M. Lang , Sol Eskenazi

Chatbots are popular machine partners for task-oriented and social interactions. Human-human computer-mediated communication research has explored how people express their gender and sexuality in online social interactions, but little is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Justin Edwards , Leigh Clark , Allison Perrone

As AI chatbots shift from tools to companions, critical questions arise: who controls the conversation in human-AI chatrooms? This paper explores perceived human and AI agency in sustained conversation. We report a month-long longitudinal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Bhada Yun , Evgenia Taranova , April Yi Wang

Chatbots are intelligent conversational computer systems designed to mimic human conversation to enable automated online guidance and support. The increased benefits of chatbots led to their wide adoption by many industries in order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Guendalina Caldarini , Sardar Jaf , Kenneth McGarry
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