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The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Kohtaro Tadaki

We take our world to be an objective reality, but is it? The assumption that the physical world exists in and of itself has struggled to assimilate the findings of modern physics for some time now. For example, an objective space and time…

General Physics · Physics 2011-10-17 Brian Whitworth

In a recent no-go theorem [Bong et al, Nature Physics (2020)], we proved that the predictions of unitary quantum mechanics for an extended Wigner's friend scenario are incompatible with any theory satisfying three metaphysical assumptions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Eric G. Cavalcanti

The firewall paradox, a puzzle in black hole physics, depends on an implicit assumption: a rule that allows the infalling and the outside observer to combine their perspectives. However, a recent extension of the Wigner's friend paradox…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Ladina Hausmann , Renato Renner

The famous Wigner's friend experiment considers an observer -- the friend -- and a superobserver -- Wigner -- who treats the friend as a quantum system and her interaction with other quantum systems as unitary dynamics. This is at odds with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Veronika Baumann

Proietti et al. (arXiv:1902.05080) reported on an experiment designed to settle, or at least to throw light upon, the paradox of Wigner's friend. Without questioning the rigor or ingenuity of the experimental protocol, I argue that its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-29 Louis Marchildon

I take a pragmatist perspective on quantum theory. This is not a view of the world described by quantum theory. In this view quantum theory itself does not describe the physical world, nor our observatons, experiences or opinions of it.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Richard Healey

In the classical world one can construct two identical systems which have identical behavior and give identical measurement results. We show this to be impossible in the quantum domain. We prove that after the same quantum measurement two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Denis Sych , Gerd Leuchs

Quantum mechanics marks a radical departure from the classical understanding of Nature, fostering an inherent randomness which forbids a deterministic description; yet the most fundamental departure arises from something different. As shown…

We use a simple example to illustrate why it is not possible to consider that a measurement reveals an underlying objective reality of a property of a quantum system, that continues the same after the measurement is performed. This kind of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-06 Pablo L. Saldanha

We argue, through some philosophical considerations, on (i)dependent or (ii) an independent existence of physical reality underlying quantum states. According these simple considerations, we conclude that is impossible to have a clear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michele Caponigro , Helen Lynn

In a recent paper, \.Zukowski and Markiewicz showed that Wigner's Friend (and, by extension, Schr\"odinger's Cat) can be eliminated as physical possibilities on purely logical grounds. I validate this result and demonstrate the source of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-16 Andrew Knight

A recent argument, attributed to Masanes, is claimed to show that the assumption that quantum measurements have definite, objective outcomes, is incompatible with quantum predictions. In this work, a detailed examination of the argument…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-30 Elias Okon

Extended Wigner's friend no-go theorems provide a modern lens for investigating the measurement problem, by making precise the challenges that arise when one attempts to model agents as dynamical quantum systems. Most such no-go theorems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Laurens Walleghem , Rafael Wagner , Yìlè Yīng , David Schmid

The extended Wigner's friend problem deals with two Observers each measuring a sealed laboratory in which a friend is making a quantum measurement. We investigate this problem by relying on the basic rules of quantum mechanics as exposed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 D. Sokolovski , A. Matzkin

Can normal science-in the Kuhnian sense-add something substantial to the discussion about the measurement problem? Does an extended Wigner's-friend Gedankenexperiment illustrate new issues? Or a new quality of known issues? Are we led to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-02 Arne Hansen , Stefan Wolf

Quantum "states" are objective probability measures. Because their dependence on a time is not the time dependence of an evolving state, they are neither states of Nature nor "states of knowledge." There is no such thing as an evolving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ulrich Mohrhoff

Reality of quantum observables, a feature of long-standing interest within foundations of quantum mechanics, has recently been quantified and deeply studied by means of entropic measures [Phys. Rev. A 97, 022107 (2018)]. However, there is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-29 Łukasz Rudnicki

The Quantum Measurement Problem is arguably one of the most debated issues in the philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, since it represents not only a technical difficulty for the standard formulation of the theory, but also a source of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Andrea Oldofredi

The formulation of quantum theory does not comply with the notion of objective existence of elementary particles. Objective existence independent of observation implies the distinguishability of elementary particles. In other words: If…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-26 Bilha Nissenson