English
Related papers

Related papers: Towards Bit-Width-Independent Proofs in SMT Solver…

200 papers

We present a solver for a many-sorted first-order quantifier-free theory $T_{w,bv}$ of string equations, string length represented as bit-vectors, and bit-vector arithmetic aimed at formal verification, automated testing, and security…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-01 Sanu Subramanian , Murphy Berzish , Yunhui Zheng , Omer Tripp , Vijay Ganesh

Satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers have throughout the years been able to cope with increasingly expressive formulas, from ground logics to full first-order logic modulo theories. Nevertheless, higher-order logic within SMT is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-12-06 Haniel Barbosa , Jasmin Christian Blanchette , Simon Cruanes , Daniel El Ouraoui , Pascal Fontaine

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers incorporate decision procedures for theories of data types that commonly occur in software. This makes them important tools for automating verification problems. A limitation frequently…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Kshitij Bansal , Andrew Reynolds , Tim King , Clark Barrett , Thomas Wies

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) specifications often rely on quantifiers to remain concise and declarative. However, checking the satisfiability of such specifications directly can be inefficient. A common optimization is to ground the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pierre Carbonnelle

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) has significant application in various domains. In this paper, we focus on quantifier-free Satisfiablity Modulo Real Arithmetic, referred to as SMT(RA), including both linear and non-linear real…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Bohan Li , Shaowei Cai

Reasoning about array data structures is a key requirement for many applications in hardware and software verification, especially in combination with machine integers. The Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) theory of extensional arrays…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mathias Preiner , Aina Niemetz , Clark Barrett

The boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem asks whether there exists an assignment of boolean values to the variables of an arbitrary boolean formula making the formula evaluate to True. It is well-known that all NP-problems can be coded as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Christopher R. Serrano , Jonathan Gallagher , Kenji Yamada , Alexei Kopylov , Michael A. Warren

Satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) consists in testing the satisfiability of first-order formulas over linear integer or real arithmetic, or other theories. In this survey, we explain the combination of propositional satisfiability and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-06-16 David Monniaux

Proving program termination is typically done by finding a well-founded ranking function for the program states. Existing termination provers typically find ranking functions using either linear algebra or templates. As such they are often…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-21 Cristina David , Daniel Kroening , Matt Lewis

This paper advocates for the broader application of SMT solvers in everyday programming, challenging the conventional wisdom that these tools are solely for formal methods and verification. We claim that SMT solvers, when seamlessly…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Facundo Domínguez , Arnaud Spiwack

We consider feasibility of linear integer programs in the context of verification systems such as SMT solvers or theorem provers. Although satisfiability of linear integer programs is decidable, many state-of-the-art solvers neglect…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Martin Bromberger , Thomas Sturm , Christoph Weidenbach

We use SMT technology to address a class of problems involving uninterpreted functions and nonlinear real arithmetic. In particular, we focus on problems commonly found in mathematical competitions, such as the International Mathematical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Chad E. Brown , Karel Chvalovský , Mikoláš Janota , Mirek Olšák , Stefan Ratschan

Writing accurate numerical software is hard because of many sources of unavoidable uncertainties, including finite numerical precision of implementations. We present a programming model where the user writes a program in a real-valued…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-09-11 Eva Darulova , Viktor Kuncak

This report describes several approaches for handling synthesis conjectures within an Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver. We describe approaches that primarily focus on determining the unsatisfiability of the negated form of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-10-12 Andrew Reynolds

There is increasing interest in applying verification tools to programs that have bitvector operations (eg., binaries). SMT solvers, which serve as a foundation for these tools, have thus increased support for bitvector reasoning through…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Yuandong Cyrus Liu , Chengbin Pang , Daniel Dietsch , Eric Koskinen , Ton-Chanh Le , Georgios Portokalidis , Jun Xu

Fundamentally, every static program analyser searches for a proof through a combination of heuristics providing candidate solutions and a candidate validation technique. Essentially, the heuristic reduces a second-order problem to a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Cristina David , Daniel Kroening , Matt Lewis

A number of SAT-based analysis concepts and tools for software product lines exist, that extract code dependencies in propositional logic from the source code assets of the product line. On these extracted conditions, SAT-solvers are used…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Adam Krafczyk , Sascha El-Sharkawy , Klaus Schmid

In the contexts of automated reasoning (AR) and formal verification (FV), important decision problems are effectively encoded into Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). In the last decade efficient SMT solvers have been developed for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-23 Roberto Sebastiani , Silvia Tomasi

Satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) is a core tool in formal verification. While the SMT-LIB specification language can be used to interact with theorem proving software, a high-level interface allows for faster and easier specifications…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Emiko Soroka , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Sanjay Lall

This work focuses on effectively generating diverse solutions for satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) formulas, targeting the theories of bit-vectors, arrays, and uninterpreted functions, which is a critical task in software and hardware…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuangyu Lyu , Chuan Luo , Ruizhi Shi , Wei Wu , Chanjuan Liu , Chunming Hu