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Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), when managed by a few trusted validators, require most but not all of the machinery available in public DLTs. In this work, we explore one possible way to profit from this state of affairs. We devise…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Marco Benedetti , Francesco De Sclavis , Marco Favorito , Giuseppe Galano , Sara Giammusso , Antonio Muci , Matteo Nardelli

The cost of Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) storage is the main concern preventing its adoption in practice. This cost stems from the need to maintain at least 3t+1 replicas in different storage servers in the asynchronous model, so that t…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-14 Christian Cachin , Dan Dobre , Marko Vukolic

Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) web services provide critical integrity guarantees for distributed applications but face significant latency challenges that hinder interactive user experiences. We propose a novel two-layer architecture that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Ahmad Zaki Akmal , Azkario Rizky Pratama , Guntur Dharma Putra

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols for dynamically available systems face a critical challenge: balancing latency and security in fluctuating node participation. Existing solutions often require multiple rounds of voting per…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Pengkun Ren , Hai Dong , Zahir Tari , Pengcheng Zhang

Vote-based blockchains construct a state machine replication (SMR) system among participating nodes, using Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocols to transition from one state to another. Currently, they rely on either…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yibin Xu , Jianhua Shao , Tijs Slaats , Boris Düdder , Yongluan Zhou

This paper introduces a family of leaderless Byzantine fault tolerance protocols, built around a metastable mechanism via network subsampling. These protocols provide a strong probabilistic safety guarantee in the presence of Byzantine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Team Rocket , Maofan Yin , Kevin Sekniqi , Robbert van Renesse , Emin Gün Sirer

Byzantine fault tolerant protocols enable state replication in the presence of crashed, malfunctioning, or actively malicious processes. Designing such protocols without the assistance of verification tools, however, is remarkably…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Joel Wanner , Laurent Chuat , Adrian Perrig

There is surge of interest to the blockchain technology not only in the scientific community but in the business community as well. Proof of Work (PoW) and Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) are the two main classes of consensus protocols that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Mohammad M. Jalalzai , Costas Busch

Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) has been extensively studied in distributed trustless systems to guarantee system's functioning when up to 1/3 Byzantine processes exist. Despite a plethora of previous work in BFT systems, they are mainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Quan Nguyen , Andre Cronje

Synchronous consensus protocols offer a significant advantage over their asynchronous and partially synchronous counterparts by providing higher fault tolerance -- an essential benefit in distributed systems, like blockchains, where…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Nenad Milošević , Daniel Cason , Zarko Milošević , Robert Soulé , Fernando Pedone

Permissioned blockchains employ Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) state machine replication (SMR) to reach agreement on an ever-growing, linearly ordered log of transactions. A new paradigm, combined with decades of research in BFT SMR and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Fangyu Gai , Ali Farahbakhsh , Jianyu Niu , Chen Feng , Ivan Beschastnikh , Hao Duan

Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithms are at the core of providing safety and liveness guarantees for distributed systems that must operate in the presence of arbitrary failures. Recently, numerous new BFT algorithms have been…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Gengrui Zhang , Fei Pan , Yunhao Mao , Sofia Tijanic , Michael Dang'ana , Shashank Motepalli , Shiquan Zhang , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

The popularization of blockchains leads to a resurgence of interest in Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) state machine replication protocols. However, much of the work on this topic focuses on the underlying consensus protocols, with emphasis…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Alysson Bessani , Eduardo Alchieri , João Sousa , André Oliveira , Fernando Pedone

As Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) protocols begin to be used in permissioned blockchains for user-facing applications such as payments, it is crucial that they provide low latency. In pursuit of low latency, some recently proposed BFT…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Daniel Qian , Xiyu Hao , Jinkun Geng , Yuncheng Yao , Aurojit Panda , Jinyang Li , Anirudh Sivaraman

Numerous distributed tasks have to be handled in a setting where a fraction of nodes behaves Byzantine, that is, deviates arbitrarily from the intended protocol. Resilient, deterministic protocols rely on the detection of majorities to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Philipp Schneider

It is well known that Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) consensus cannot be solved in the classic asynchronous message passing model when one-third or more of the processes may be faulty. Since many modern applications require higher fault…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Naama Ben-David , Kartik Nayak

This paper presents TetraBFT, a novel unauthenticated Byzantine fault tolerant protocol for solving consensus in partial synchrony, eliminating the need for public key cryptography and ensuring resilience against computationally unbounded…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Qianyu Yu , Giuliano Losa , Xuechao Wang

This paper describes BigBFT, a multi-leader Byzantine fault tolerance protocol that achieves high throughput and scalable consensus in blockchain systems. BigBFT achieves this by (1) enabling every node to be a leader that can propose and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Salem Alqahtani , Murat Demirbas

Replication protocols are essential for distributed systems, ensuring consistency, reliability, and fault tolerance. Traditional Crash Fault Tolerant (CFT) protocols, which assume a fail-stop model, are inadequate for untrusted cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Dimitra Giantsidi , Emmanouil Giortamis , Julian Pritzi , Maurice Bailleu , Manos Kapritsos , Pramod Bhatotia

Today's practical partially synchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols trade off low latency and high throughput. On the one end, traditional BFT protocols such as PBFT and its derivatives optimize for latency. They…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Balaji Arun , Zekun Li , Florian Suri-Payer , Sourav Das , Alexander Spiegelman