Related papers: New ways to multiply 3 x 3-matrices
In 1969 Strassen showed surprisingly that it is possible to multiply two 2 x 2 matrices using seven multiplications and 18 additions, instead of the naive eight multiplications and four additions. The number of additions was later reduced…
One of the most famous conjectures in computer algebra is that matrix multiplication might be feasible in not much more than quadratic time. The best known exponent is 2.376, due to Coppersmith and Winograd. Many attempts to solve this…
This paper presents a new state-of-the-art algorithm for exact $3\times3$ matrix multiplication over general non-commutative rings, achieving a rank-23 scheme with only 58 scalar additions. This improves the previous best additive…
Laderman discovered a scheme for computing the product of two 3x3 matrices using only 23 multiplications in 1976. Since then, some more such schemes were proposed, but it remains open how many there are and whether there exist schemes with…
We show that the product of an nx3 matrix and a 3x3 matrix over a commutative ring can be computed using 6n+3 multiplications. For two 3x3 matrices this gives us an algorithm using 21 multiplications. This is an improvement with respect to…
We present a non-commutative algorithm for multiplying (7x7) matrices using 250 multiplications and a non-commutative algorithm for multiplying (9x9) matrices using 520 multiplications. These algorithms are obtained using the same…
We reduce the additive cost of general (non-commutative) 3x3 matrix multiplication from the previous records of 61 (Schwartz-Vaknin, 2023) and 62 (Martensson-Wagner, 2025) to 60 without a change of basis. To our knowledge, this represents a…
This article presents new properties of the mesh array for matrix multiplication. In contrast to the standard array that requires 3n-2 steps to complete its computation, the mesh array requires only 2n-1 steps. Symmetries of the mesh array…
We present a rank-$23$ algorithm for general $3\times3$ matrix multiplication that uses $56$ additions/subtractions and $23$ multiplications, for a total of $79$ scalar operations in the standard bilinear straight-line model. This improves…
The quest for non-commutative matrix multiplication algorithms in small dimensions has seen a lot of recent improvements recently. In particular, the number of scalar multiplications required to multiply two $4\times4$ matrices was first…
Moosbauer and Poole have recently shown that the multiplication of two $5\times 5$ matrices requires no more than 93 multiplications in the (possibly non-commutative) coefficient ring, and that the multiplication of two $6\times 6$ matrices…
In this paper we introduce efficient algorithm for the multiplication of split-octonions. The direct multiplication of two split-octonions requires 64 real multiplications and 56 real additions. More effective solutions still do not exist.…
We consider the famous Strassen algorithm for fast multiplication of matrices. We show that this algorithm has a nontrivial finite group of automorphisms of order 36 (namely the direct product of two copies of the symmetric group on 3…
In this overview article we present several methods for multiplying matrices and the implementation of these methods in C. Also a little test program is given to compare their running time and the numerical stability. The methods are: naive…
It is known that the multiplication of an $N \times M$ matrix with an $M \times P$ matrix can be performed using fewer multiplications than what the naive $NMP$ approach suggests. The most famous instance of this is Strassen's algorithm for…
Schemes for exact multiplication of small matrices have a large symmetry group. This group defines an equivalence relation on the set of multiplication schemes. There are algorithms to decide whether two schemes are equivalent. However, for…
This paper shows that, for matrix multiplications and convolutions, it is possible to asymptotically replace each real multiplication with a single squaring operation. Similarly, a single complex multiplication can be replaced with 3…
Obeying constraints imposed by classical physics, we give optimal fine-grained algorithms for matrix multiplication and problems involving graphs and mazes, where all calculations are done in 3-dimensional space. We assume that whatever the…
We explore new approaches for finding matrix multiplication algorithms in the commutative setting by adapting the flip graph technique: a method previously shown to be effective for discovering fast algorithms in the non-commutative case.…
This is the second in a series of papers on rank decompositions of the matrix multiplication tensor. We present new rank $23$ decompositions for the $3\times 3$ matrix multiplication tensor $M_{\langle 3\rangle}$. All our decompositions…