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Deep learning models continuously break new records across different NLP tasks. At the same time, their success exposes weaknesses of model evaluation. Here, we compile several key pitfalls of evaluation of sentence embeddings, a currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Steffen Eger , Andreas Rücklé , Iryna Gurevych

Bilingual word embeddings have been widely used to capture the similarity of lexical semantics in different human languages. However, many applications, such as cross-lingual semantic search and question answering, can be largely benefited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Muhao Chen , Yingtao Tian , Haochen Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Steven Skiena , Carlo Zaniolo

Cross-lingual word embeddings are vector representations of words in different languages where words with similar meaning are represented by similar vectors, regardless of the language. Recent developments which construct these embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Yerai Doval , Jose Camacho-Collados , Luis Espinosa-Anke , Steven Schockaert

Word embeddings are now a standard technique for inducing meaning representations for words. For getting good representations, it is important to take into account different senses of a word. In this paper, we propose a mixture model for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-14 Dai Quoc Nguyen , Dat Quoc Nguyen , Ashutosh Modi , Stefan Thater , Manfred Pinkal

Word embeddings are computed by a class of techniques within natural language processing (NLP), that create continuous vector representations of words in a language from a large text corpus. The stochastic nature of the training process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Lucas Rettenmeier

Due to the ubiquitous use of embeddings as input representations for a wide range of natural language tasks, imputation of embeddings for rare and unseen words is a critical problem in language processing. Embedding imputation involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Vin Sachidananda , Eric Darve

Many NLP applications require disambiguating polysemous words. Existing methods that learn polysemous word vector representations involve first detecting various senses and optimizing the sense-specific embeddings separately, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Yifan Sun , Nikhil Rao , Weicong Ding

Sense embedding learning methods learn multiple vectors for a given ambiguous word, corresponding to its different word senses. For this purpose, different methods have been proposed in prior work on sense embedding learning that use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Haochen Luo , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

Word Representations form the core component for almost all advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as text mining, question-answering, and text summarization, etc. Over the last two decades, immense research is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Shree Charran R , Rahul Kumar Dubey

Word embeddings improve generalization over lexical features by placing each word in a lower-dimensional space, using distributional information obtained from unlabeled data. However, the effectiveness of word embeddings for downstream NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-24 Yuval Pinter , Robert Guthrie , Jacob Eisenstein

We present a language independent, unsupervised method for building word embeddings using morphological expansion of text. Our model handles the problem of data sparsity and yields improved word embeddings by relying on training word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Syed Sarfaraz Akhtar , Arihant Gupta , Avijit Vajpayee , Arjit Srivastava , Manish Shrivastava

This paper have two parts. In the first part we discuss word embeddings. We discuss the need for them, some of the methods to create them, and some of their interesting properties. We also compare them to image embeddings and see how word…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Amit Mandelbaum , Adi Shalev

In this paper, we reproduce the experiments of Artetxe et al. (2018b) regarding the robust self-learning method for fully unsupervised cross-lingual mappings of word embeddings. We show that the reproduction of their method is indeed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Nicolas Garneau , Mathieu Godbout , David Beauchemin , Audrey Durand , Luc Lamontagne

Traditional neural word embeddings are usually dependent on a richer diversity of vocabulary. However, the language models recline to cover major vocabularies via the word embedding parameters, in particular, for multilingual language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Amit Kumar Jaiswal , Haiming Liu

The notion of word embedding plays a fundamental role in natural language processing (NLP). However, pre-training word embedding for very large-scale vocabulary is computationally challenging for most existing methods. In this work, we show…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Junsheng Kong , Weizhao Li , Zeyi Liu , Ben Liao , Jiezhong Qiu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Yi Cai , Shengyu Zhang

Word embeddings are widely used in Natural Language Processing, mainly due to their success in capturing semantic information from massive corpora. However, their creation process does not allow the different meanings of a word to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-22 Massimiliano Mancini , Jose Camacho-Collados , Ignacio Iacobacci , Roberto Navigli

Text embeddings are a fundamental component in many NLP tasks, including classification, regression, clustering, and semantic search. However, despite their ubiquitous application, challenges persist in interpreting embeddings and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Juri Opitz , Lucas Möller , Andrianos Michail , Sebastian Padó , Simon Clematide

Crosslingual word embeddings represent lexical items from different languages in the same vector space, enabling transfer of NLP tools. However, previous attempts had expensive resource requirements, difficulty incorporating monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-01 Long Duong , Hiroshi Kanayama , Tengfei Ma , Steven Bird , Trevor Cohn

Unsupervised word embeddings have become a popular approach of word representation in NLP tasks. However there are limitations to the semantics represented by unsupervised embeddings, and inadequate fine-tuning of embeddings can lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Xiao Zhang , Ji Wu , Dejing Dou

Recent research on cross-lingual word embeddings has been dominated by unsupervised mapping approaches that align monolingual embeddings. Such methods critically rely on those embeddings having a similar structure, but it was recently shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Aitor Ormazabal , Mikel Artetxe , Aitor Soroa , Gorka Labaka , Eneko Agirre