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We propose a stronger formulation of RL on top of RWKV-style recurrent sequence models, in which the fixed-size recurrent state is explicitly interpreted as a belief state rather than an opaque hidden vector. Instead of conditioning policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Liu Xiao

This paper proposes inverse feature learning as a novel supervised feature learning technique that learns a set of high-level features for classification based on an error representation approach. The key contribution of this method is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Behzad Ghazanfari , Fatemeh Afghah , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi

We study behavior-regularized reinforcement learning (RL), where regularization toward a reference distribution (the dataset in offline RL or the base model in LLM RL finetuning) is essential to prevent value over-optimization caused by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Haoran Xu , Kaiwen Hu , Somayeh Sojoudi , Amy Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can be considered as a sequence modeling task: given a sequence of past state-action-reward experiences, an agent predicts a sequence of next actions. In this work, we propose State-Action-Reward Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Jinghuan Shang , Kumara Kahatapitiya , Xiang Li , Michael S. Ryoo

Value function initialization (VFI) is an effective way to achieve a jumpstart in reinforcement learning (RL) by leveraging value estimates from prior tasks. While this approach is well established in tabular settings, extending it to deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Soumia Mehimeh

Reinforcement learning aims to learn optimal policies from interaction with environments whose dynamics are unknown. Many methods rely on the approximation of a value function to derive near-optimal policies. In partially observable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Gaspard Lambrechts , Adrien Bolland , Damien Ernst

Reinforcement learning methods require careful design involving a reward function to obtain the desired action policy for a given task. In the absence of hand-crafted reward functions, prior work on the topic has proposed several methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Daiki Kimura , Subhajit Chaudhury , Ryuki Tachibana , Sakyasingha Dasgupta

In visual Reinforcement Learning (RL), upstream representation learning largely determines the effect of downstream policy learning. Employing auxiliary tasks allows the agent to enhance visual representation in a targeted manner, thereby…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Xin Liu , Yaran Chen , Dongbin Zhao

Reinforcement learning problems are often described through rewards that indicate if an agent has completed some task. This specification can yield desirable behavior, however many problems are difficult to specify in this manner, as one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-15 Ashley Edwards , Charles Isbell , Atsuo Takanishi

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are widely used for sequential processing but face fundamental limitations with continual inference due to state saturation, requiring disruptive hidden state resets. However, reset-based methods impose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Bojian Yin , Federico Corradi

In many domains, the exploration process of reinforcement learning will be too costly as it requires trying out suboptimal policies, resulting in a need for off-policy evaluation, in which a target policy is evaluated based on data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 David M. Bossens , Philip S. Thomas

Reward machines are an established tool for dealing with reinforcement learning problems in which rewards are sparse and depend on complex sequences of actions. However, existing algorithms for learning reward machines assume an overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan Corazza , Ivan Gavran , Daniel Neider

Influence function, a technique rooted in robust statistics, has been adapted in modern machine learning for a novel application: data attribution -- quantifying how individual training data points affect a model's predictions. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Junwei Deng , Weijing Tang , Jiaqi W. Ma

Recent model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have proposed incorporating learned dynamics models as a source of additional data with the intention of reducing sample complexity. Such methods hold the promise of incorporating imagined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Vladimir Feinberg , Alvin Wan , Ion Stoica , Michael I. Jordan , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Sergey Levine

Successful applications of reinforcement learning in real-world problems often require dealing with partially observable states. It is in general very challenging to construct and infer hidden states as they often depend on the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Xiujun Li , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Xiaodong He , Jianshu Chen , Li Deng , Ji He

Value factorization is a popular paradigm for designing scalable multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms. However, current factorization methods make choices without full justification that may limit their performance. For example,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Enrico Marchesini , Andrea Baisero , Rupali Bhati , Christopher Amato

Vision-based reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach to solve control tasks involving images as the main observation. State-of-the-art RL algorithms still struggle in terms of sample efficiency, especially when using image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Elie Aljalbout , Maximilian Ulmer , Rudolph Triebel

Replaying past experiences has proven to be a highly effective approach for averting catastrophic forgetting in supervised continual learning. However, some crucial factors are still largely ignored, making it vulnerable to serious failure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Tiantian Zhang , Kevin Zehua Shen , Zichuan Lin , Bo Yuan , Xueqian Wang , Xiu Li , Deheng Ye

Learning from Preferences in Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) has gained attention recently, as it serves as a natural fit for complicated tasks where the reward function is not easily available. However, preferences often come with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yuxuan Li , Harshith Reddy Kethireddy , Srijita Das

Periodic activation functions, often referred to as learned Fourier features have been widely demonstrated to improve sample efficiency and stability in a variety of deep RL algorithms. Potentially incompatible hypotheses have been made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Augustine N. Mavor-Parker , Matthew J. Sargent , Caswell Barry , Lewis Griffin , Clare Lyle