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Related papers: Bayesian Item Response Modeling in R with brms and…

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Recent years have witnessed a surge in the number of large language models (LLMs), yet efficiently managing and utilizing these vast resources remains a significant challenge. In this work, we explore how to learn compact representations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jianhao Chen , Chenxu Wang , Gengrui Zhang , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Wei Hu , Yuzhong Qu , Shuyue Hu

Measurement validity in Item Response Theory depends on appropriately modeling dependencies between items when these reflect meaningful theoretical structures rather than random measurement error. In ecological assessment, citizen…

Applications · Statistics 2025-07-22 Mingya Huang , Soham Ghosh

Multidimensional item response theory is a statistical test theory used to estimate the latent skills of learners and the difficulty levels of problems based on test results. Both compensatory and non-compensatory models have been proposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-22 Hiroshi Tamano , Hideitsu Hino , Daichi Mochihashi

Survival data is encountered in a range of disciplines, most notably health and medical research. Although Bayesian approaches to the analysis of survival data can provide a number of benefits, they are less widely used than classical (e.g.…

Computation · Statistics 2020-02-25 Samuel L. Brilleman , Eren M. Elci , Jacqueline Buros Novik , Rory Wolfe

The Rasch model is one of the most fundamental models in \emph{item response theory} and has wide-ranging applications from education testing to recommendation systems. In a universe with $n$ users and $m$ items, the Rasch model assumes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Duc Nguyen , Anderson Zhang

Item Response Theory (IRT) was originally developed in traditional exam settings, and it has been shown that the model does not readily transfer to formative assessment in the form of online homework. We investigate if this is mostly due to…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-03-24 Emre Gönülateş , Gerd Kortemeyer

It is reasonable to consider, in many cases, that individuals' latent traits have a hierarchical structure such that more general traits are a suitable composition of more specific ones. Existing item response models that account for such…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-28 Juliane Venturelli S. L. , Flavio B. Gonçalves , Dalton F. Andrade

The random-effects or normal-normal hierarchical model is commonly utilized in a wide range of meta-analysis applications. A Bayesian approach to inference is very attractive in this context, especially when a meta-analysis is based only on…

Computation · Statistics 2020-04-29 Christian Röver

Although fundamental to the advancement of Machine Learning, the classic evaluation metrics extracted from the confusion matrix, such as precision and F1, are limited. Such metrics only offer a quantitative view of the models' performance,…

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) are a powerful ensemble learning technique for modeling nonlinear regression functions. Although initially BART was proposed for predicting only continuous and binary response variables, over the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Enakshi Saha

The rapid release of both language models and benchmarks makes it increasingly costly to evaluate every model on every dataset. In practice, models are often evaluated on different samples, making scores difficult to compare across studies.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Eliya Habba , Itay Itzhak , Asaf Yehudai , Yotam Perlitz , Elron Bandel , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Leshem Choshen , Gabriel Stanovsky

Social scientists are often interested in using ordinal indicators to estimate latent traits that change over time. Frequently, this is done with item response theoretic (IRT) models that describe the relationship between those latent…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-04 Yehu Chen , Jacob Montgomery , Roman Garnett

The use of Bayesian adaptive designs for randomised controlled trials has been hindered by the lack of software readily available to statisticians. We have developed a new software package (Bayesian Adaptive Trials Simulator Software -…

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on comprehensive benchmarks is a cornerstone of their development, yet it's often computationally and financially prohibitive. While Item Response Theory (IRT) offers a promising path toward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lele Liao , Qile Zhang , Ruofan Wu , Guanhua Fang

Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT) aims to accurately estimate an individual's ability using only a subset of an Item Response Theory (IRT) instrument. Many applications also require diverse item exposure across testing sessions, preventing…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Tina Su , Edison Choe , Joshua C. Chang

Reward models are central to aligning language models with human preferences via reinforcement learning (RL). As RL is increasingly applied to settings such as verifiable rewards and multi-objective alignment, RMs are expected to encode…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiwoo Hong , Shao Tang , Zhipeng Wang

Motivation: NMR spectra are widely used in metabolomics to obtain metabolite profiles in complex biological mixtures. Common methods used to assign and estimate concentrations of metabolites involve either an expert manual peak fitting or…

Applications · Statistics 2012-05-30 Jie Hao , William Astle , Maria De Iorio , Timothy Ebbels

In this paper, we present a complete framework for quickly calibrating and administering a robust large-scale computerized adaptive test (CAT) with a small number of responses. Calibration - learning item parameters in a test - is done…

Few models have been more ubiquitous in their respective fields than Bayesian knowledge tracing and item response theory. Both of these models were developed to analyze data on learners. However, the study designs that these models are…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-15 Benjamin Deonovic , Michael Yudelson , Maria Bolsinova , Meirav Attali , Gunter Maris

In this paper we follow our previous research in the area of Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT). We present three different methods for CAT. One of them, the item response theory, is a well established method, while the other two, Bayesian…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-03-30 Martin Plajner