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Proof assistants are software-based tools that are used in the mechanization of proof construction and validation in mathematics and computer science, and also in certified program development. Different tools are being increasingly used in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-04 Marcus Vinícius Midena Ramos , Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz

In mathematics, it is common practice to have several constructions for the same objects. Mathematicians will identify them modulo isomorphism and will not worry later on which construction they use, as theorems proved for one construction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-10 Théo Zimmermann , Hugo Herbelin

Humans can develop new theorems to explore broader and more complex mathematical results. While current generative language models (LMs) have achieved significant improvement in automatically proving theorems, their ability to generate new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xiaohan Lin , Qingxing Cao , Yinya Huang , Zhicheng Yang , Zhengying Liu , Zhenguo Li , Xiaodan Liang

Several approaches exist to data-mining big corpora of formal proofs. Some of these approaches are based on statistical machine learning, and some -- on theory exploration. However, most are developed for either untyped or simply-typed…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Jonathan Heras

Proof competence, i.e. the ability to write and check (mathematical) proofs, is an important skill in Computer Science, but for many students it represents a difficult challenge. The main issues are the correct use of formal language and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Nadine Karsten , Frederik Krogsdal Jacobsen , Kim Jana Eiken , Uwe Nestmann , Jørgen Villadsen

In this paper, we demonstrate how to do automated theorem proving in the presence of a large knowledge base of potential premises without learning from human proofs. We suggest an exploration mechanism that mixes in additional premises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Kshitij Bansal , Christian Szegedy , Markus N. Rabe , Sarah M. Loos , Viktor Toman

We report on several scenarios of using automated theorem proving software in university education. In particular, we focus on using the Theorema system in a software-enhanced logic-course for students in computer science or artificial…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Wolfgang Windsteiger

Formal verification is a promising method for producing reliable software, but the difficulty of manually writing verification proofs severely limits its utility in practice. Recent methods have automated some proof synthesis by guiding a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Alex Sanchez-Stern , Abhishek Varghese , Zhanna Kaufman , Dylan Zhang , Talia Ringer , Yuriy Brun

Formal verification using proof assistants, such as Coq, enables the creation of high-quality software. However, the verification process requires significant expertise and manual effort to write proofs. Recent work has explored automating…

Can artificial intelligence truly contribute to creative mathematical research, or does it merely automate routine calculations while introducing risks of error? We provide empirical evidence through a detailed case study: the discovery of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tan Bui-Thanh

In Machine-Assisted Theorem Proving, a theorem proving agent searches for a sequence of expressions and tactics that can prove a conjecture in a proof assistant. In this work, we introduce several novel concepts and capabilities to address…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Leni Aniva , Iori Oikawa , David Dill , Clark Barrett

We present the Theorem Prover Museum, and initiative to conserve -- and make publicly available -- the sources and source-related artefacts of automated reasoning systems. Theorem provers have been at the forefront of Artificial…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Michael Kohlhase

Theorem proving is a fundamental aspect of mathematics, spanning from informal reasoning in natural language to rigorous derivations in formal systems. In recent years, the advancement of deep learning, especially the emergence of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Zhaoyu Li , Jialiang Sun , Logan Murphy , Qidong Su , Zenan Li , Xian Zhang , Kaiyu Yang , Xujie Si

Existing approaches to learning to prove theorems focus on particular logics and datasets. In this work, we propose Monte-Carlo simulations guided by reinforcement learning that can work in an arbitrarily specified logic, without any human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Stanisław J. Purgał , Cezary Kaliszyk

Inspired by the recent evolution of deep neural networks (DNNs) in machine learning, we explore their application to PL-related topics. This paper is the first step towards this goal; we propose a proof-synthesis method for the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Taro Sekiyama , Akifumi Imanishi , Kohei Suenaga

The automated generation of exercises may substantially reduce the time educators devote to manual exercise design. A major obstacle to the integration of such automation into teaching practice, however, lies in the ability to control the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-10 João Mendes , João Marcos , Patrick Terrematte

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) faces challenges due to its complexity and computational demands. Recent work has explored using Large Language Models (LLMs) for ATP action selection, but these methods can be resource-intensive. This study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Mahdi Buali , Robert Hoehndorf

Interactive theorem provers have been used extensively to reason about various software/hardware systems and mathematical theorems. The key challenge when using an interactive prover is finding a suitable sequence of proof steps that will…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-15 Thomas Gransden , Neil Walkinshaw , Rajeev Raman

Theorem proving serves as a major testbed for evaluating complex reasoning abilities in large language models (LLMs). However, traditional automated theorem proving (ATP) approaches rely heavily on formal proof systems that poorly align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ziyin Zhang , Jiahao Xu , Zhiwei He , Tian Liang , Qiuzhi Liu , Yansi Li , Linfeng Song , Zhenwen Liang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Mathematical theorem proving is an important testbed for large language models' deep and abstract reasoning capability. This paper focuses on improving LLMs' ability to write proofs in formal languages that permit automated proof…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kefan Dong , Arvind Mahankali , Tengyu Ma