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Given n experiment subjects with potentially heterogeneous covariates and two possible treatments, namely active treatment and control, this paper addresses the fundamental question of determining the optimal accuracy in estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-13 Jiachun Li , David Simchi-Levi , Yunxiao Zhao

A new meta-algorithm for estimating the conditional average treatment effects is proposed in the paper. The main idea underlying the algorithm is to consider a new dataset consisting of feature vectors produced by means of concatenation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-10 Lev V. Utkin , Mikhail V. Kots , Viacheslav S. Chukanov

To maximize clinical benefit, clinicians routinely tailor treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, where individualized treatment rules are needed and are of significant research interest to statisticians. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-23 Trinetri Ghosh , Yanyuan Ma , Rui Song , Pingshou Zhong

Companies offering web services routinely run randomized online experiments to estimate the causal impact associated with the adoption of new features and policies on key performance metrics of interest. These experiments are used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-13 Lorenzo Masoero , Doug Hains , James McQueen

Micro-randomized trials are commonly conducted for optimizing mobile health interventions such as push notifications for behavior change. In analyzing such trials, causal excursion effects are often of primary interest, and their estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-19 Yihan Bao , Lauren Bell , Elizabeth Williamson , Claire Garnett , Tianchen Qian

How should researchers analyze randomized experiments in which the main outcome is latent and measured in multiple ways but each measure contains some degree of error? We first identify a critical study-specific noncomparability problem in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-13 Jiawei Fu , Donald P. Green

We are concerned with testing replicability hypotheses for many endpoints simultaneously. This constitutes a multiple test problem with composite null hypotheses. Traditional $p$-values, which are computed under least favourable parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-26 Anh-Tuan Hoang , Thorsten Dickhaus

We propose a modified version of the three-step estimation method for the latent class model with covariates, which may be used to estimate latent Markov models for longitudinal data. The three-step estimation approach we propose is based…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-06 Francesco Bartolucci , Giorgio E. Montanari , Silvia Pandolfi

Many scientific questions in biomedical, environmental, and psychological research involve understanding the effects of multiple factors on outcomes. While factorial experiments are ideal for this purpose, randomized controlled treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-03 Ruoqi Yu , Peng Ding

We consider nonlinear mixed effects models including high-dimensional covariates to model individual parameters variability. The objective is to identify relevant covariates among a large set under sparsity assumption and to estimate model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Antoine Caillebotte , Estelle Kuhn , Sarah Lemler

While attractive from a theoretical perspective, finely stratified experiments such as paired designs suffer from certain analytical limitations not present in block-randomized experiments with multiple treated and control individuals in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-21 Colin B. Fogarty

We consider a setting in which we have a treatment and a large number of covariates for a set of observations, and wish to model their relationship with an outcome of interest. We propose a simple method for modeling interactions between…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-12-14 Lu Tian , Ash Alizadeh , Andrew Gentles , Robert Tibshirani

This paper focuses on developing Pareto-optimal estimation and policy learning to identify the most effective treatment that maximizes the total reward from both short-term and long-term effects, which might conflict with each other. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Yingrong Wang , Anpeng Wu , Haoxuan Li , Weiming Liu , Qiaowei Miao , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

In a clinical trial, the random allocation aims to balance prognostic factors between arms, preventing true confounders. However, residual differences due to chance may introduce near-confounders. Adjusting on prognostic factors is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-18 Joe de Keizer , Rémi Lenain , Raphaël Porcher , Sarah Zoha , Arthur Chatton , Yohann Foucher

To improve precision of estimation and power of testing hypothesis for an unconditional treatment effect in randomized clinical trials with binary outcomes, researchers and regulatory agencies recommend using g-computation as a reliable…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-29 Ting Ye , Marlena Bannick , Yanyao Yi , Jun Shao

When randomized controlled trials are impractical or unethical to simultaneously compare multiple treatments, indirect treatment comparisons using single-arm trials offer valuable evidence for health technology assessments, especially for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Yuru Zhu , Huiyuan Wang , Haitao Chu , Yumou Qiu , Yong Chen

Counting experiments often rely on Monte Carlo simulations for predictions of Poisson expectations. The accompanying uncertainty from the finite Monte Carlo sample size can be incorporated into parameter estimation by modifying the Poisson…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-22 Thorsten Glüsenkamp

Inverse probability weights are commonly used in epidemiology to estimate causal effects in observational studies. Researchers can typically focus on either the average treatment effect or the average treatment effect on the treated with…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-05 Eli Ben-Michael , Luke Keele

Propensity score methods are widely used for estimating treatment effects from observational studies. A popular approach is to estimate propensity scores by maximum likelihood based on logistic regression, and then apply inverse probability…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-24 Zhiqiang Tan

Typical causal effects are defined based on the marginal distribution of potential outcomes. However, many real-world applications require causal estimands involving the joint distribution of potential outcomes to enable more nuanced…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-17 Peng Wu , Xiaojie Mao