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Satellite systems face a significant challenge in effectively utilizing limited communication resources to meet the demands of ground network traffic, characterized by asymmetrical spatial distribution and time-varying characteristics.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Sheikh Salman Hassan , Yu Min Park , Yan Kyaw Tun , Walid Saad , Zhu Han , Choong Seon Hong

Providing truly ubiquitous connectivity requires development of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet, whose theoretical study is lagging behind network-specific simulations. In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-26 Niloofar Okati , Taneli Riihonen

The next frontier towards truly ubiquitous connectivity is the use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small-satellite constellations to support 5G and Beyond-5G (B5G) networks. Besides enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and massive machine-type…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Maik Röper , Dirk Wübben , Bho Matthiesen , Armin Dekorsy , Petar Popovski

Global communications have undergone a paradigm shift with the rapid expansion of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, offering a new space era of reduced latency and ubiquitous, high-speed broadband internet access. However, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-22 Flor Ortiz , Eva Lagunas , Almoatssimbillah Saifaldawla , Mahdis Jalali , Luis Emiliani , Symeon Chatzinotas

Aiming to achieve ubiquitous global connectivity and target detection on the same platform with improved spectral/energy efficiency and reduced onboard hardware cost, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems capable of simultaneously…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Juha Park , Jaehyup Seong , Jaehak Ryu , Yijie Mao , Wonjae Shin

To model existing or future low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks leveraging multiple constellations, we propose a simple analytical approach to represent the clustering of satellites on orbits. More precisely, we develop a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-24 Chang-Sik Choi , François Baccelli

The integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations into 5G and Beyond is essential to achieve truly global connectivity. A distinctive characteristic of LEO mega constellations is that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Fabio Saggese , Lintao Li , Petar Popovski

The existence and prevalence of planar, co-rotating distributions of satellite galaxies around L* host galaxies in the local universe remains a subject of ongoing debate. Despite numerous observational efforts over the past decade, a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-25 Ethan Crosby , Marcel S. Pawlowski , Oliver Müller , Helmut Jerjen

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are being considered for expanding legacy terrestrial cellular networks. The end users may not be able to optimize satellite orbits and constellations, however, they can optimize locations of ground stations…

Space Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 Iestyn Morgan-Jones , Pavel Loskot

As Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite mega constellations continue to be deployed for satellite internet and recent successful experiments in satellite-based quantum entanglement distribution emerge, a natural question arises: How should we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-16 Albert Williams , Nitish K. Panigrahy , Andrew McGregor , Don Towsley

This paper presents an analytical model for collision probability assessments between de-orbiting or injecting space objects and satellite constellations. Considering the first to be subjected to a continuous tangential acceleration, its…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-15 Eduardo Maria Polli , Juan Luis Gonzalo , Camilla Colombo

The design and launch of large-scale satellite networks create an imminent demand for efficient and delay-minimising routing methods. With the rising number of satellites in such constellations, pre-computing all shortest routes between all…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Gregory Stock , Juan A. Fraire , Holger Hermanns

This work provides a rigorous methodology for assessing the feasibility of spectrum sharing between large low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations. For concreteness, we focus on the existing Starlink system and the soon-to-be-launched…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Eunsun Kim , Ian P. Roberts , Jeffrey G. Andrews

Although a significant number satellites are deemed essential for facilitating diverse applications of satellite networks, aerial platforms are emerging as excellent alternatives for enabling reliable communications with fewer satellites.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Chang-Sik Choi

In this paper, we consider traffic offloading of integrated low earth orbit (LEO) satellite-terrestrial network. We first derive traffic offloading probability from the terrestrial network to the LEO satellite network based on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Hossein Akhlaghpasand , Vahid Shah-Mansouri

We aim to provide satellite operators and researchers with an efficient means for evaluating and mitigating collision risk during the design process of mega-constellations. We first establish a baseline for evaluating various techniques for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Nathan Reiland , Aaron J. Rosengren , Renu Malhotra , Claudio Bombardelli

In the ambitious realm of space AI, the integration of federated learning (FL) with low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations holds immense promise. However, many challenges persist in terms of feasibility, learning efficiency, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mohamed Elmahallawy , Tie Luo

Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have become vital in emerging commercial and defense Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). However, their predictable orbital dynamics and exposed geometries make them highly susceptible to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Shizhen Jia , Mingjun Ying , Marco Mezzavilla , Theodore S. Rappaport , Sundeep Rangan

LEO-to-GEO intersatellite links using laser communications bring important benefits to greatly enhance applications such as downloading big amounts of data from LEO satellites by using the GEO satellite as a relay. By using this strategy,…

As a key complement to terrestrial networks and a fundamental component of future 6G systems, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are expected to provide high-quality communication services when integrated with ground-based…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zixuan Song , Zhishu Shen , Xiaoyu Zheng , Qiushi Zheng , Zheng Lei , Jiong Jin