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Lexical ambiguity -- where a single wordform takes on distinct, context-dependent meanings -- serves as a useful tool to compare across different language models' (LMs') ability to form distinct, contextualized representations of the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Pamela D. Rivière , Anne L. Beatty-Martínez , Sean Trott

This article focuses on the study of Word Embedding, a feature-learning technique in Natural Language Processing that maps words or phrases to low-dimensional vectors. Beginning with the linguistic theories concerning contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Xiaolei Lu , Bin Ni

Methods for learning word representations using large text corpora have received much attention lately due to their impressive performance in numerous natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as, semantic similarity measurement, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Danushka Bollegala , Alsuhaibani Mohammed , Takanori Maehara , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi

Target-dependent sentiment classification remains a challenge: modeling the semantic relatedness of a target with its context words in a sentence. Different context words have different influences on determining the sentiment polarity of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-30 Duyu Tang , Bing Qin , Xiaocheng Feng , Ting Liu

Recognizing semantically similar sentences or paragraphs across languages is beneficial for many tasks, ranging from cross-lingual information retrieval and plagiarism detection to machine translation. Recently proposed methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Goran Glavaš , Marc Franco-Salvador , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Paolo Rosso

Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) is the basis of many applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Our system combines convolution and recurrent neural networks to measure the semantic similarity of sentences. It uses a convolution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Elvys Linhares Pontes , Stéphane Huet , Andréa Carneiro Linhares , Juan-Manuel Torres-Moreno

The best-performing approaches for scholarly document quality prediction are based on embedding models. In addition to their performance when used in classifiers, embedding models can also provide predictions even for words that were not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Lucie Dvorackova , Marcin P. Joachimiak , Michal Cerny , Adriana Kubecova , Vilem Sklenak , Tomas Kliegr

Models trained to estimate word probabilities in context have become ubiquitous in natural language processing. How do these models use lexical cues in context to inform their word probabilities? To answer this question, we present a case…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Kanishka Misra , Allyson Ettinger , Julia Taylor Rayz

Distributed language representation has become the most widely used technique for language representation in various natural language processing tasks. Most of the natural language processing models that are based on deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Martina Toshevska , Frosina Stojanovska , Jovan Kalajdjieski

There have been many successful applications of sentence embedding methods. However, it has not been well understood what properties are captured in the resulting sentence embeddings depending on the supervision signals. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Hayato Tsukagoshi , Ryohei Sasano , Koichi Takeda

Lexical substitution, i.e. generation of plausible words that can replace a particular target word in a given context, is an extremely powerful technology that can be used as a backbone of various NLP applications, including word sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Nikolay Arefyev , Boris Sheludko , Alexander Podolskiy , Alexander Panchenko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable advancement in various NLP tasks. As such, a popular trend has emerged lately where NLP researchers extract word/sentence/document embeddings from these large decoder-only models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yash Mahajan , Matthew Freestone , Sathyanarayanan Aakur , Santu Karmaker

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable advancement in various NLP tasks. As such, a popular trend has emerged lately where NLP researchers extract word/sentence/document embeddings from these large decoder-only models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yash Mahajan , Matthew Freestone , Naman Bansal , Sathyanarayanan Aakur , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu

End-to-end neural machine translation has overtaken statistical machine translation in terms of translation quality for some language pairs, specially those with large amounts of parallel data. Besides this palpable improvement, neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Cristina España-Bonet , Ádám Csaba Varga , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño , Josef van Genabith

Semantic textual similarity is the task of estimating the similarity between the meaning of two texts. In this paper, we fine-tune transformer architectures for semantic textual similarity on the Semantic Textual Similarity Benchmark by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Ivan Rep , Vladimir Čeperić

Multi-agent systems must decide which agent is the most appropriate for a given task. We propose a novel architecture for recommending which LLM agent out of many should perform a task given a natural language prompt by extending the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Joshua Park , Yongfeng Zhang

Latent semantic representations of words or paragraphs, namely the embeddings, have been widely applied to information retrieval (IR). One of the common approaches of utilizing embeddings for IR is to estimate the document-to-query (D2Q)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Chenhao Yang , Ben He , Yanhua Ran

Conventional text classification models make a bag-of-words assumption reducing text into word occurrence counts per document. Recent algorithms such as word2vec are capable of learning semantic meaning and similarity between words in an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Vincent Major , Alisa Surkis , Yindalon Aphinyanaphongs

The latest work on language representations carefully integrates contextualized features into language model training, which enables a series of success especially in various machine reading comprehension and natural language inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Zhuosheng Zhang , Yuwei Wu , Hai Zhao , Zuchao Li , Shuailiang Zhang , Xi Zhou , Xiang Zhou

Recent advances in automatic evaluation metrics for text have shown that deep contextualized word representations, such as those generated by BERT encoders, are helpful for designing metrics that correlate well with human judgements. At the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Xi Chen , Nan Ding , Tomer Levinboim , Radu Soricut