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We discuss a parametrization to describe possible deviations from the Kerr metric and test astrophysical black hole candidates with electromagnetic radiation. Our metric is a very simple generalization of the Kerr solution with two main…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-18 Nan Lin , Naoki Tsukamoto , M. Ghasemi-Nodehi , Cosimo Bambi

Since it was theorized by Kerr in 1963, determining the spin of black holes from observed data was paid very little attention until few years back. The main reasons behind this were the unavailability of adequate data and the lack of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-11-20 Banibrata Mukhopadhyay , Debbijoy Bhattacharya , P. Sreekumar

Light bending due to strong gravity has recently been invoked to explain variability and flux correlations between different bands in some accreting black holes. A characteristic feature of light bending is reflection-dominated spectra,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. Gandhi , A. C. Fabian , T. Suebsuwong , J. Malzac , G. Miniutti , R. J. Wilman

Ongoing observations in the strong-field regime are in optimal agreement with general relativity, although current errors still leave room for small deviations from Einstein's theory. Here we summarise our recent results on superradiance of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-20 Mauro Oi , Edgardo Franzin , Stefano Liberati

Measuring relativistic reflection is an important tool to study the innermost regions of the an accreting black hole system. In the following we present a brief review on the different aspects contributing to the relativistic reflection.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-23 Thomas Dauser , Javier A. García , Jörn Wilms

One of the central goals of the newborn field of gravitational wave astronomy is to test gravity in the highly nonlinear, strong field regime characterizing the spacetime of black holes. In particular, "black hole spectroscopy" (the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-10-04 Kostas Glampedakis , George Pappas , Hector O. Silva , Emanuele Berti

Under very general assumptions on the accretion flow geometry, images of a black hole illuminated by electromagnetic radiation display a sequence of photon rings (demagnified and rotated copies of the direct image) which asymptotically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-24 Maciek Wielgus

Black hole based tests of general relativity have proliferated in recent times with new and improved detectors and telescopes. Modelling of the black hole neighborhood, where most of the radiation carrying strong-field signature originates,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-22 Sourabh Nampalliwar , Aristomenis I. Yfantis , Kostas D. Kokkotas

Collaborative international efforts under the name of the Event Horizon Telescope project, using sub- mm very long baseline interferometry, are soon expected to provide the first images of the shadow cast by the candidate supermassive black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-26 Ziri Younsi , Alexander Zhidenko , Luciano Rezzolla , Roman Konoplya , Yosuke Mizuno

A key obstacle for theory-specific tests of general relativity is the lack of accurate black-hole solutions in beyond-Einstein theories, especially for moderate to high spins. We address this by developing a general framework--based on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-19 Kelvin Ka-Ho Lam , Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Nicolás Yunes

Recent observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration provide convincing realistic evidence for the existence of black hole rotation. From a phenomenological perspective, a recently proposed stable rotating regular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-15 Chen-Hao Xie , Yu Zhang , Qi Sun , Qi-Quan Li , Peng-Fei Duan

The presence of spacetime singularities in physically relevant solutions of the Einstein Equations is normally interpreted as a symptom of the breakdown of classical general relativity at very high densities/curvatures. However, despite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-08 Shafqat Riaz , Swarnim Shashank , Rittick Roy , Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Zuobin Zhang , Menglei Zhou

General relativistic effects are strong near the black hole of an X-ray binary and significantly impact the total energy released at the innermost accretion disk's region. Our goal is to fully incorporate the black hole's spin and all the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-08 Th. V. Papavasileiou , O. Kosmas , T. S. Kosmas

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the exciting field of black hole quasi-normal modes and its capabilities to test general relativity in the 21st century. After motivating this line of research, we provide a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-04 Nicola Franchini , Sebastian H. Völkel

The horizon-scale images of supermassive black holes (BHs) by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHT) have provided new opportunities to test general relativity and other theories of gravity. In view of future projects, such as the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-12 Akhil Uniyal , Indu K. Dihingia , Yosuke Mizuno , Luciano Rezzolla

Perturbed Kerr black holes emit gravitational radiation, which (for the practical purposes of gravitational-wave astronomy) consists of a superposition of damped sinusoids termed quasi-normal modes. The frequencies and time-constants of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-30 Ioannis Kamaretsos , Mark Hannam , Sascha Husa , B. S. Sathyaprakash

The binary black hole signal GW250114, the loudest gravitational wave detected to date, offers a unique opportunity to test Einstein's general relativity (GR) in the high-velocity, strong-gravity regime and probe whether the remnant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-11 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , the KAGRA Collaboration

We present NKBB, an XSPEC model for the thermal spectrum of thin accretion disks in parametric black hole spacetimes. We employ the Novikov-Thorne model for the description of the accretion disk and the formalism of the transfer function…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-16 Menglei Zhou , Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Honghui Liu , Sourabh Nampalliwar

General relativity has been widely tested in weak gravitational fields but still stands largely untested in the strong-field regime. According to the no-hair theorem, black holes in general relativity depend only on their masses and spins…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-05-25 Tim Johannsen

We extend our previous work on tests of the Kerr black hole hypothesis using X-ray reflection spectroscopy and we infer observational constraints on the Johannsen deformation parameter $\epsilon_3$. We analyze a NuSTAR observation of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-04 Ashutosh Tripathi , Askar B. Abdikamalov , Dimitry Ayzenberg , Cosimo Bambi , Sourabh Nampalliwar