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We propose a type-theoretic framework for describing and proving properties of quantum computations, in particular those presented as quantum circuits. Our proposal is based on an observation that, in the polymorphic type system of Coq,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jacques Garrigue , Takafumi Saikawa

Before executing a quantum algorithm, one must first decompose the algorithm into machine-level instructions compatible with the architecture of the quantum computer, a process known as quantum compiling. There are many different quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Luke Heyfron , Earl T. Campbell

Quantum tunneling, a phenomenon in which a quantum state traverses energy barriers above the energy of the state itself, has been hypothesized as an advantageous physical resource for optimization. Here we show that multiqubit tunneling…

Quantum optimal control plays a crucial role in quantum computing by providing the interface between compiler and hardware. Solving the optimal control problem is particularly challenging for multi-qubit gates, due to the exponential growth…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 N. Anders Petersson , Stefanie Günther , Seung Whan Chung

Optimal control techniques are applied for the decomposition of unitary quantum operations into a sequence of single-qubit gates and entangling operations. To this end, we modify a gradient-ascent algorithm developed for systems of coupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-15 V. Nebendahl , H. Haffner , C. F. Roos

Universal quantum entangling gates are a crucial building block in the large-scale quantum computation and quantum communication, and it is an important task to find simple ways to implement them. Here an effective quantum circuit for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-31 Wen-Qiang Liu , Hai-Rui Wei , Leong-Chuan Kwek

Multiplication over binary fields is a crucial operation in quantum algorithms designed to solve the discrete logarithm problem for elliptic curve defined over $GF(2^n)$. In this paper, we present an algorithm for constructing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Vivien Vandaele

Quantum algorithms are usually described as monolithic circuits, becoming large at modest input size. Near-term quantum architectures can only manage a small number of qubits. We develop an automated method to distribute quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-10 Pablo Andrés-Martínez , Chris Heunen

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivities, and coherence times, circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We introduce…

Arbitrary exponentially large unitaries cannot be implemented efficiently by quantum circuits. However, we show that quantum circuits can efficiently implement any unitary provided it has at most polynomially many nonzero entries in any row…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Stephen P. Jordan , Pawel Wocjan

As quantum devices scale toward practical machine learning applications, the binary qubit paradigm faces expressivity and resource efficiency limitations. Multi-level quantum systems, or qudits, offer a promising alternative by harnessing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Tiago de Souza Farias , Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

A key open question in quantum computing is whether quantum algorithms can potentially offer a significant advantage over classical algorithms for tasks of practical interest. Understanding the limits of classical computing in simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Matija Medvidovic , Giuseppe Carleo

The Toffoli gate is an important universal quantum gate, and will alongside the Clifford gates be available in future fault-tolerant quantum computing hardware. Many quantum algorithms rely on performing arbitrarily small single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Christoffer Hindlycke , Jakov Krnic , Jan-Åke Larsson

For years, the quantum/reversible circuit community has been convinced that: a) the addition of auxiliary qubits is instrumental in constructing a smaller quantum circuit; and, b) the introduction of quantum gates inside reversible circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-01 Dmitri Maslov , Mehdi Saeedi

High-efficiency quantum information processing is equivalent to the fewest quantum resources and the simplest operations by means of logic qubit gates. Based on the reflection geometry of a single photon interacting with a three-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-20 Yi-Ming Wu , Gang Fan , Fang-Fang Du

Here we show how universal quantum computers based on the quantum circuit model can handle mathematical analysis calculations for functions with continuous domains, without any digitalization, and with remarkably few qubits. The basic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Pablo Bermejo , Roman Orus

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, two-qubit gates in quantum circuits are more susceptible to noise than single-qubit gates. Therefore, reducing the number of two-qubit gates is crucial for improving circuit efficiency and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Kai Chen , Wen Liu , GuoSheng Xu , Yangzhi Li , Maoduo Li , Shouli He

We consider quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates. In this context the T gate has a special status since it confers universal computation when added to the (classically simulable) Clifford gates. However it can be very expensive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-21 David Gosset , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Michele Mosca , Vincent Russo

The advent of quantum computing processors with possibility to scale beyond experimental capacities magnifies the importance of studying their applications. Combinatorial optimization problems can be one of the promising applications of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-18 Ehsan Zahedinejad , Arman Zaribafiyan

There is no unique way to encode a quantum algorithm into a quantum circuit. With limited qubit counts, connectivity, and coherence times, a quantum circuit optimization is essential to make the best use of near-term quantum devices. We…

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