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The classic theory of electron field emission from a cold metal surface due to Fowler and Nordheim (FN) is re-examined and found to violate the validity criteria for the WKB approximation, for electric fields greater than about 1V per…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-24 T. C. Choy , A. H. Harker , A. M. Stoneham

In this work we combine density functional theory and quantum transport calculations to study the influence of atomic--scale defects on the work function and field emission characteristics of metal surfaces. We develop a general methodology…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-30 Heikki Toijala , Kristjan Eimre , Andreas Kyritsakis , Vahur Zadin , Flyura Djurabekova

This paper describes a simple quantitative test applicable to current-voltage data for cold field electron emission (CFE). It can decide whether individual reported field-enhancement-factor (FEF) values are spuriously large. The paper…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Richard G. Forbes

The internal charge and magnetization distributions of the proton are characterized by electromagnetic form factors GE and GM. They are experimentally extracted via Rosenbluth separation, which measures the elastic scattering of electrons…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-11-26 Tyler Williams , Jennifer Rittenhouse West , Douglas W. Higinbotham , Fatiha Benmokhtar

This technical note relates to the theory of cold field electron emission (CFE). It starts by suggesting that, to emphasize common properties in relation to CFE theory, the term 'Lauritsen plot' could be used to describe all graphical plots…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Richard G. Forbes , Jonathan H. B. Deane , Andreas Fischer , Marwan S. Mousa

In electron field emission experiments, a linear relationship in plots of slope vs. intercept obtained from Fowler-Nordheim analysis is commonly observed for single tips or tip arrays. By simulating samples with many tips, it is shown here…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-10-16 Arun Persaud

The Loewner equation (LE) is used to obtain conformal mappings that lead to exact and analytical expressions for several electrostatic properties of realistic quasi-unidimensional nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The LE approach also…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Edgar Marcelino , Thiago A. de Assis , Caio M. C. de Castilho , Roberto F. S. Andrade

Current theoretical description of field-induced electron emission remains mostly bounded by the classic Fowler-Nordheim (FN) framework developed nearly one century ago. For the emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, many basic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-11-17 Yee Sin Ang , M. Zubair , K. J. A. Ooi , L. K. Ang

There remains an open question about the usefulness and the interpretation of Machine learning (MLE) approaches for discrimination of spatial patterns of brain images between samples or activation states. In the last few decades, these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-22 JM Gorriz , R. Martin-Clemente , C. G. Puntonet , A. Ortiz , J. Ramirez , J. Suckling

With a large-area field electron emitter, when an individual post-like emitter is sufficiently resistive, and current through it sufficiently large, then voltage loss occurs along it. This Letter provides a simple analytical and conceptual…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-12-19 Richard G. Forbes

Nonuniformly sampled signals are prevalent in real-world applications. However, estimating their power spectra from finite samples poses a significant challenge. The optimal solution-Bronez Generalized Prolate Spheroidal Sequence (GPSS) by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Jie Cui , Benjamin H. Brinkmann , Gregory A. Worrell

Electron emission from nanometric size emitters becomes of increasing interest due to its involvement to sharp electron sources, vacuum breakdown phenomena and various other vacuum nanoelectronics applications. The most commonly used…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-11-22 Andreas Kyritsakis , Flyura Djurabekova

This short communication uses a simple experiment to show that fitting to a power law distribution by using graphical methods based on linear fit on the log-log scale is biased and inaccurate. It shows that using maximum likelihood…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Michel L. Goldstein , Steven A. Morris , Gary G. Yen

With the shift towards decentralized energy generation, the increasing complexity of power systems renders physics-based modeling challenging. At the same time the growing amount of available measurement data opens the door for obtaining…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Hannes M. H. Wolf , Christian A. Hans

We have reanalyzed the 260 ksec XMM-Newton observation of 1E1207.4-5209. There are several significant improvements over previous work. Firstly, a much broader range of physically plausible spectral models was used. Secondly, we have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kaya Mori , James C. Chonko , Charles J. Hailey

High resolution molecular dynamics simulations with full Coulomb interactions of electrons are used to investigate field emission in planar nanodiodes. The effects of space charge and emitter radius are examined and compared to previous…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-03-16 Kristinn Torfason , Agust Valfells , Andrei Manolescu

As the title implies the article describes the possibility of taking into account the relativistic correction to the field current density of the field emission of electrons from the metal. The article provides the reader with some analytic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-10-03 S. O. Lebedynskyi , O. O. Pasko , R. I. Kholodov

Probabilistic power flow (PPF) is essential for quantifying operational uncertainty in modern distribution systems with high penetration of renewable generation and flexible loads. Conventional PPF methods primarily rely on Monte Carlo (MC)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Weijie Xia , James Ciyu Qin , Edgar Mauricio Salazar Duque , Hongjin Du , Peter Palensky , Giovanni Sansavini , Pedro P. Vergara

Knowing only two high-order statistical moments of modulation symbols, often represented by the fourth moment called "kurtosis", the overestimation of nonlinear interference (NLI) in a Gaussian noise (GN) model due to Gaussian signaling…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-22 Junho Cho , Robert Tkach

As phasor measurement units (PMUs) become more widely used in transmission power systems, a fast state estimation (SE) algorithm that can take advantage of their high sample rates is needed. To accomplish this, we present a method that uses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ognjen Kundacina , Mirsad Cosovic , Dragisa Miskovic , Dejan Vukobratovic