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Nesterov's accelerated gradient algorithm is derived from first principles. The first principles are founded on the recently-developed optimal control theory for optimization. This theory frames an optimization problem as an optimal control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-12 I. M. Ross

We introduce the "continuized" Nesterov acceleration, a close variant of Nesterov acceleration whose variables are indexed by a continuous time parameter. The two variables continuously mix following a linear ordinary differential equation…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Raphaël Berthier , Francis Bach , Nicolas Flammarion , Pierre Gaillard , Adrien Taylor

We introduce the continuized Nesterov acceleration, a close variant of Nesterov acceleration whose variables are indexed by a continuous time parameter. The two variables continuously mix following a linear ordinary differential equation…

We present a unifying framework for adapting the update direction in gradient-based iterative optimization methods. As natural special cases we re-derive classical momentum and Nesterov's accelerated gradient method, lending a new intuitive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-12 Aleksandar Botev , Guy Lever , David Barber

Convergence analysis of accelerated first-order methods for convex optimization problems are presented from the point of view of ordinary differential equation solvers. A new dynamical system, called Nesterov accelerated gradient flow, has…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-01 Hao Luo , Long Chen

In this paper we deal with a general second order continuous dynamical system associated to a convex minimization problem with a Fr\`echet differentiable objective function. We show that inertial algorithms, such as Nesterov's algorithm,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-08 Cristian Daniel Alecsa , Szilárd Csaba László , Titus Pinţa

The continuous-time model of Nesterov's momentum provides a thought-provoking perspective for understanding the nature of the acceleration phenomenon in convex optimization. One of the main ideas in this line of research comes from the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-07-13 Peiyuan Zhang , Antonio Orvieto , Hadi Daneshmand

Ever since the original algorithm by Nesterov (1983), the true nature of the acceleration phenomenon has remained elusive, with various interpretations of why the method is actually faster. The diagnosis of the algorithm through the lens of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 M Parimi , Rachit Mehra , S. R. Wagh , Amol Yerudkar , Navdeep Singh

We derive a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) which is the limit of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method. This ODE exhibits approximate equivalence to Nesterov's scheme and thus can serve as a tool for analysis. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-29 Weijie Su , Stephen Boyd , Emmanuel J. Candes

Nesterov's well-known scheme for accelerating gradient descent in convex optimization problems is adapted to accelerating stationary iterative solvers for linear systems. Compared with classical Krylov subspace acceleration methods, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Tao Hong , Irad Yavneh

We derive efficient algorithms to compute weakly Pareto optimal solutions for smooth, convex and unconstrained multiobjective optimization problems in general Hilbert spaces. To this end, we define a novel inertial gradient-like dynamical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Konstantin Sonntag , Sebastian Peitz

Despite their frequent slow convergence, proximal gradient schemes are widely used in large-scale optimization tasks due to their tremendous stability, scalability, and ease of computation. In this paper, we develop and investigate a…

Computation · Statistics 2025-08-19 Nicholas C. Henderson , Ravi Varadhan

We study Nesterov's accelerated gradient method with constant step-size and momentum parameters in the stochastic approximation setting (unbiased gradients with bounded variance) and the finite-sum setting (where randomness is due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Mahmoud Assran , Michael Rabbat

We present a unifying Nearly Asymptotically Invariant Manifold (NAIM) framework for understanding Nesterovs Accelerated Gradient (NAG) method. By lifting the first-order gradient flow into a second-order phase space we construct a NAIM a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-01 Rachit Mehra , M Parimi , Amol Yerudkar , S. R. Wagh , Navdeep Singh

Randomized-subspace methods reduce the cost of first-order optimization by using only low-dimensional projected-gradient information, a feature that is attractive in forward-mode automatic differentiation and communication-limited settings.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Gaku Omiya , Pierre-Louis Poirion , Akiko Takeda

We propose a class of \textit{Euler-Lagrange} equations indexed by a pair of parameters ($\alpha,r$) that generalizes Nesterov's accelerated gradient methods for convex ($\alpha=1$) and strongly convex ($\alpha=0$) functions from a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Xu Cheng , Jiaqi Liu , Zaijiu Shang

In this paper, we adapt the control theoretic concept of dissipativity theory to provide a natural understanding of Nesterov's accelerated method. Our theory ties rigorous convergence rate analysis to the physically intuitive notion of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-06-15 Bin Hu , Laurent Lessard

We propose the first global accelerated gradient method for Riemannian manifolds. Toward establishing our result we revisit Nesterov's estimate sequence technique and develop an alternative analysis for it that may also be of independent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-27 Kwangjun Ahn , Suvrit Sra

Arguably, the two most popular accelerated or momentum-based optimization methods in machine learning are Nesterov's accelerated gradient and Polyaks's heavy ball, both corresponding to different discretizations of a particular second order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-25 Guilherme França , Jeremias Sulam , Daniel P. Robinson , René Vidal

We revisit the Ravine method of Gelfand and Tsetlin from a dynamical system perspective, study its convergence properties, and highlight its similarities and differences with the Nesterov accelerated gradient method. The two methods are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-02 H. Attouch , J. Fadili
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