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A dormant supermassive black hole lurking in the center of a galaxy will be revealed when a star passes close enough to be torn apart by tidal forces, and a flare of electromagnetic radiation is emitted when the bound fraction of the…

In this paper, the third in this series, we continue our study of tidal disruption events of main-sequence stars by a non-spinning $10^{6}~\rm{M}_\odot$ supermassive black hole. Here we focus on the outcomes of partial disruptions. As the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-14 Taeho Ryu , Julian Krolik , Tsvi Piran , Scott C. Noble

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) as excellent beacons to black hole (BH) accreting systems have been studied for more than five decades with a single star tidally disrupted by a central massive BH. However, if considering two stars passing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-22 Zhang XueGuang

Tidal disruption event (TDE) light curves are increasingly used to infer the masses of quiescent supermassive black holes ($M_{\rm{BH}}$), offering a powerful probe of low-mass black hole demographics independent of host-galaxy scaling…

Tidal disruption events are rare and diverse transients that occur when a star is torn apart by a supermassive black hole and accreted, which can result in a supersoft X-ray thermal transient. Here, we present nine tidal disruption event…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-13 R. A. J. Eyles-Ferris , R. L. C. Starling , P. T. O'Brien , K. L. Page , P. A. Evans

"Hard" massive black hole (MBH) binaries embedded in steep stellar cusps can shrink via three-body slingshot interactions. We show that this process will inevitably be accompanied by a burst of stellar tidal disruptions, at a rate that can…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-01-15 X. Chen , P. Madau , A. Sesana , F. K. Liu

Massive black holes (BHs) at the centres of massive galaxies are ubiquitous. The population of BHs within dwarf galaxies, on the other hand, is evasive. Dwarf galaxies are thought to harbour BHs with proportionally small masses, including…

We derive the first hard X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) by supermassive black holes (SMBHs), which gives an occurrence rate of TDEs per unit volume as a function of peak luminosity and redshift,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-22 Taiki Kawamuro , Yoshihiro Ueda , Megumi Shidatsu , Takafumi Hori , Nobuyuki Kawai , Hitoshi Negoro , Tatehiro Mihara

In Paper I, we followed the evolution of binary stars as they orbited near the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the Galactic center, noting the cases in which the two stars would come close enough together to collide. In this paper we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 Fabio Antonini , James C. Lombardi , David Merritt

Tidal disruption events of stars by supermassive black holes have so far been discovered months to years after the fact. In this paper we explore the short, faint and hard burst of radiation is emitted at maximum compression, as a result of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-24 Almog Yalinewich , James Guillochon , Re'em Sari , Abraham Loeb

A tidal disruption event (TDE) is an astronomical phenomenon in which a previously dormant black hole (BH) destroys a star passing too close to its central part. We analyzed the flaring episode detected from the TDE sources, Swift~J1644+57…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-15 Elena Seifina , Lev Titarchuk , Enrico Virgill

We survey the properties of stars destroyed in TDEs as a function of BH mass, stellar mass and evolutionary state, star formation history and redshift. For Mbh<10^7Msun, the typical TDE is due to a M*~0.3Msun M-dwarf, although the mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-08 C. S. Kochanek

Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) are routinely observed in quiescent galaxies, as stars from the nuclear star cluster are scattered into the loss cone of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). TDEs are also expected to occur in Active…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-24 Chaitanya Prasad , Yihan Wang , Rosalba Perna , K. E. Saavik Ford , Barry McKernan

A tidal disruption event (TDE) involves the shredding of a star in the proximity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). The nearby ($\approx$230 Mpc) relatively radio-quiet, thermal emission dominated source AT2019dsg is the first TDE with a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-14 Prashanth Mohan , Tao An , Yingkang Zhang , Jun Yang , Xiaolong Yang , Ailing Wang

A number of candidate repeating partial tidal disruption events (rpTDEs) have been reported in recent years. If these events are confirmed, the high fraction of observed rpTDEs among all tidal disruption events (TDEs) is in tension with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-09 Zhen Pan , Dong Lai

Stars partially destroyed by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in a partial tidal disruption event (TDE) can be ejected from the SMBH. Previous investigations attributed this positive-energy/velocity kick to asymmetries in the mass lost by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-17 Eric R. Coughlin , C. J. Nixon

We present hydrodynamic simulations with the moving-mesh code AREPO of Tidal Disruption Encores (TDEEs) in nuclear star clusters (NSCs). TDEEs arise when a stellar-mass black hole (sBH) disrupts a star within the NSC, producing debris that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-02 Ian P. A. Johnson , Taeho Ryu , Rosalba Perna

We show results from the radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations of tidal disruption of a star on a parabolic orbit by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) based on a three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics code with radiative…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-14 Kimitake Hayasaki , Matthew R. Bate , Abraham Loeb

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) offer a unique opportunity to study a single super-massive black hole (SMBH) under feeding conditions that change over timescales of days or months. However, the primary mechanism for generating luminosity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-20 Brenna Mockler , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Tidal disruption of main sequence stars by black holes has generally been thought to lead to a signal dominated by UV emission. If, however, the black hole spins rapidly and the poloidal magnetic field intensity on the black hole horizon is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Julian H. Krolik , Tsvi Piran
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