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We present the details of the novel framework for Lagrangian field theories that are Lorentz-invariant and lead to at most second order equations of motion. The use of antisymmetric structure is of crucial importance. The general ghost-free…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-10-23 Wenliang Li

Vector Galileons are ghost-free systems containing higher derivative interactions of vector fields. They break the vector gauge symmetry, and the dynamics of the longitudinal vector polarizations acquire a Galileon symmetry in an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-30 Matthew Hull , Kazuya Koyama , Gianmassimo Tasinato

We consider various decoupling limits of ghost-free massive gravity on (A)dS. The first is a decoupling limit on AdS space where the mass goes to zero while the AdS radius is held fixed. This results in an interacting massive Proca vector…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-05 Claudia de Rham , Kurt Hinterbichler , Laura A. Johnson

Proca-Nuevo is a non-linear theory of a massive spin-1 field which enjoys a non-linearly realized constraint that distinguishes it among other generalized vector models. We show that the theory may be extended by the addition of operators…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-30 Claudia de Rham , Sebastian Garcia-Saenz , Lavinia Heisenberg , Victor Pozsgay

We investigate the classical and quantum Proca field (a massive vector potential) of mass $m>0$ in arbitrary globally hyperbolic spacetimes and in the presence of external sources. We motivate a notion of continuity in the mass for families…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-10-19 Maximilian Schambach , Ko Sanders

We show that the abelian Proca model, which is gauge non-invariant with second class constraints can be converted into gauge theories with first class constraints. The method used, which we call Gauge Unfixing employs a projection operator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 A S Vytheeswaran

We summarize previous results on the most general Proca theory in 4 dimensions containing only first-order derivatives in the vector field (second-order at most in the associated St\"uckelberg scalar) and having only three propagating…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-20 Erwan Allys , Juan P. Beltran Almeida , Patrick Peter , Yeinzon Rodriguez

We discuss a covariant extension of interactions between scalar fields and fermions in a flat space-time. We show, in a covariant theory, how to evade fermionic ghosts appearing because of the extra degrees of freedom behind a fermionic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-09-12 Rampei Kimura , Yuki Sakakihara , Masahide Yamaguchi

In this thesis we investigate the Proca field in arbitrary globally hyperbolic curved spacetimes. We rigorously construct solutions to the classical Proca equation, including external sources and without restrictive assumptions on the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-09-04 Maximilian Schambach

The Proca field describes a massive relativistic spin-$1$ particle and was originally formulated in Minkowski spacetime. Here we consider a variety of generalizations in globally hyperbolic spacetimes, including couplings between a number…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Christopher J. Fewster , Christiane K. M. Klein

We consider the Proca field with dynamical term given by the exterior derivative with respect to the most general connection; the most general Proca field equations are given, and a discussion about the propagation and the geometrical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-12-06 Luca Fabbri

We consider the gauge invariant version of the Proca theory, where besides the real vector field there is also the real scalar field. We quantize the theory such that the commutator of the scalar field operator and the electric field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-28 Bogdan Damski

Recently, several extensions of massive vector theory in curved space-time have been proposed in many literatures. In this paper, we consider the most general vector-tensor theories that contain up to two derivatives with respect to metric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-21 Rampei Kimura , Atsushi Naruko , Daisuke Yoshida

Higher-spin theories are most commonly modelled on the example of spin 2. While this is appropriate for the description of free irreducible spin-s particles, alternative options could be equally interesting. In particular Maxwell's…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-27 Dario Francia

We introduce a non-linear extension of Proca's field theory for massive vector (spin $1$) bosons. The associated relativistic nonlinear wave equation is related to recently advanced nonlinear extensions of the Schroedinger, Dirac, and…

General Physics · Physics 2016-07-20 F. D. Nobre , A. R. Plastino

We construct a theory of gravity in which a propagating massive vector field arises from a quadratic curvature invariant. The Einstein-Cartan formulation and a partial suppression of torsion ensure the absence of ghost and strong-coupling…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-18 Will Barker , Sebastian Zell

In this paper, we show that the propagator of the dual of a general Proca-like theory, derived from the gauging iterative Noether Dualization Method, can be written by means of a simple relation between known propagators. This result is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 A. P. Baeta Scarpelli , M. Botta Cantcheff , J. A. Helayel-Neto

As a modified gravity theory that introduces new gravitational degrees of freedom, the generalized SU(2) Proca theory (GSU2P for short) is the non-Abelian version of the well-known generalized Proca theory where the action is invariant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-23 Alexander Gallego Cadavid , Yeinzon Rodriguez , L. Gabriel Gomez

A "Master" gauge theory is constructed in 2+1-dimensions through which various gauge invariant and gauge non-invariant theories can be studied. In particular, Maxwell-Chern-Simons, Maxwell-Proca and Maxwell-Chern-Simons -Proca models are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Subir Ghosh

We consider, in Minkowski spacetime, higher-order Maxwell Lagrangians with terms quadratic in the derivatives of the field strength tensor, and study their degrees of freedom. Using a 3+1 decomposition of these Lagrangians, we extract the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-30 Aimeric Colléaux , David Langlois , Karim Noui