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Different imaging modalities are used to extract the diverse information carried in an optical field. Two prominent modalities include bright field and phase contrast microscopy that can visualize the amplitude and phase features of a…

Wireless communications and sensing have notably advanced thanks to the recent developments in both software and hardware. Although various modulation schemes have been proposed to efficiently use the limited frequency resources by…

Nonreciprocal devices, including optical isolators, phase shifters, and amplifiers, are pivotal for advanced optical systems. However, exploiting natural materials is challenging due to their weak magneto-optical effects, requiring…

The conventional lens's tunability drawback always restricts their application compared to the metasurface lens (metalens). On the other side, reconfigurable metalenses offer the benefits of ultrathin thickness and capable of tunability.…

Optics · Physics 2020-11-11 Ali Abdolali , Roya Kargar , Kasra Rouhi

Spatial light modulators have desirable applications in sensing and free space communication because they create an interface between the optical and electronic realms. Electro-optic modulators allow for high-speed intensity manipulation of…

Optics · Physics 2023-09-01 Sydney Mason , Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus

Dynamically switchable half-/quarter-wave plates have recently been the focus in the terahertz regime. Conventional design philosophy leads to multilayer metamaterials or narrowband metasurfaces. Here we propose a novel design philosophy…

Optics · Physics 2021-10-27 Xiaoqing Luo , Fangrong Hu , Guangyuan Li

Phase modulation plays a crucial role in various terahertz applications, including biomedical imaging, high-rate communication, and radar detection. Existing terahertz phase shifters typically rely on tuning the resonant effect of…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-19 Xudong Liu , Daosong Yu , Chuanfu Sun , Zhijie Mei , Hao Chen , Jianbin Xu , Yiwen Sun

Spatiotemporally modulated elastic metamaterials have garnered increasing interest for their potential applications in nonreciprocal wave devices. Most existing studies, however, focus on systems where spatiotemporal modulation is…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Yingrui Ye , Chunxia Liu , Alessandro Marzani , Emanuele Riva , Antonio Palermo , Xiaopeng Wang

To this day, achieving broadband low-frequency sound absorption remains a challenge even with the possibilities promised by the advent of metamaterials and metasurfaces, especially when size and structural restrictions exist. Solving this…

In this work, we theoretically study temporal interfaces between media with strong spatial dispersion and dielectrics. In particular, we consider a temporal discontinuity that transforms a wire medium sample, a metamaterial with resonant…

Nonlinear light sources are central to a myriad of applications, driving a quest for their miniaturisation down to the nanoscale. In this quest, nonlinear metasurfaces hold a great promise, as they enhance nonlinear effects through their…

Optical prisms are made of glass and map temporal frequencies into spatial frequencies by decomposing incident white light into its constituent colors and refract them into different directions. Conventional prisms suffer from their…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-03-05 Sajjad Taravati , George V. Eleftheriades

Plasmonic metamaterials and metasurfaces offer new opportunities in developing high performance terahertz emitters and detectors beyond the limitations of conventional nonlinear materials. However, simple meta-atoms for second-order…

Active metasurfaces, compact platforms for nanoscale light manipulation, are transforming technologies like holography, quantum cryptography, and optical computing. Despite their versatility, tunability in metasurfaces has mainly relied on…

Time varying media recently emerged as promising candidates to fulfill the dream of controlling the wave frequency without nonlinear effects. However, frequency conversion remains limited by the dynamics of the variations of the propagation…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Benjamin Apffel , Emmanuel Fort

Nonreciprocal optics enables asymmetric transmission of light when its sources and detectors are exchanged. A canonical example -- optical isolator -- enables light propagation in only one direction, similar to how electrical diodes enable…

Photonic time crystals are electromagnetic media with periodically time-varying parameters, enabling momentum band gaps, parametric amplification, and frequency conversion beyond what is possible in time-invariant systems. So far, they have…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-15 Z. Li , M. S. Mirmoosa , V. Asadchy , X. Wang

Optical metasurfaces enable to engineer the electromagnetic space and control light propagation at an unprecedented level, offering a powerful tool to achieve modulation of light over multiple physical dimensions. Here, we demonstrate a…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-02 Tingting Liu , Zhou Han , Junyi Duan , Shuyuan Xiao

This study introduces the Bragg Frequency Convertor, a spatial-temporal-periodic grating that extends the concept of conventional Bragg gratings into the dynamic domain to achieve pure parametric frequency conversion. By time-modulating…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-10 Sajjad Taravati

We consider the problem of light transmission from a high refractive index medium into a low index environment. While total internal reflection severely limits such transmission in systems with smooth interfaces, diffractive metasurfaces…

Optics · Physics 2017-06-07 Christopher M. Roberts , Viktor A Podolskiy