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Chemical language models, combined with reinforcement learning (RL), have shown significant promise to efficiently traverse large chemical spaces for drug discovery. However, the performance of various RL algorithms and their best practices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Morgan Thomas , Albert Bou , Jose Carlos Gómez-Tamayo , Gary Tresadern , Mazen Ahmad , Gianni De Fabritiis

Traditional drug design faces significant challenges due to inherent chemical and biological complexities, often resulting in high failure rates in clinical trials. Deep learning advancements, particularly generative models, offer potential…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-27 Mahsa Sheikholeslami , Navid Mazrouei , Yousof Gheisari , Afshin Fasihi , Matin Irajpour , Ali Motahharynia

Clinical trials are pivotal in the drug discovery process to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug candidate. The high failure rates of these trials are attributed to deficiencies in clinical model development and protocol design.…

To generate drug molecules of desired properties with computational methods is the holy grail in pharmaceutical research. Here we describe an AI strategy, retro drug design, or RDD, to generate novel small molecule drugs from scratch to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-12 Yuhong Wang , Sam Michael , Ruili Huang , Jinghua Zhao , Katlin Recabo , Danielle Bougie , Qiang Shu , Paul Shinn , Hongmao Sun

High-performance computing (HPC) is reshaping computational drug discovery by enabling large-scale, time-efficient molecular simulations. In this work, we explore HPC-driven pipelines for Alzheimer's disease drug discovery, focusing on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Paul Ruiz Alliata , Diana Rubaga , Daniel Kumlin , Alberto Puliga

Drug repurposing identifies new therapeutic uses for existing drugs, reducing the time and costs compared to traditional de novo drug discovery. Most existing drug repurposing studies using real-world patient data often treat the entire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Seungyeon Lee , Ruoqi Liu , Feixiong Cheng , Ping Zhang

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced from high-order drug-drug interactions (DDIs) due to polypharmacy represent a significant public health problem. In this paper, we formally formulate the to-avoid and safe (with respect to ADRs) drug…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-03-09 Wen-Hao Chiang , Li Shen , Lang Li , Xia Ning

Due to their excellent drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties, small molecule drugs are widely used to treat various diseases, making them a critical component of drug discovery. In recent years, with the rapid development of deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Kun Li , Yida Xiong , Hongzhi Zhang , Xiantao Cai , Jia Wu , Bo Du , Wenbin Hu

A comprehensive pharmaceutical recommendation system was designed based on the patients and drugs features extracted from Drugs.com and Druglib.com. First, data from these databases were combined, and a dataset of patients and drug…

Computational Drug Repositioning (CDR) is the task of discovering potential new indications for existing drugs by mining large-scale heterogeneous drug-related data sources. Leveraging the patient-level temporal ordering information between…

Applications · Statistics 2017-03-01 Zhaobin Kuang , James Thomson , Michael Caldwell , Peggy Peissig , Ron Stewart , David Page

The applicability of computational models to the biological world is an active topic of debate. We argue that a useful path forward results from abandoning hard boundaries between categories and adopting an observer-dependent, pragmatic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Joshua Bongard , Michael Levin

Drug repurposing is an unconventional approach that is used to investigate new therapeutic aids of existing and shelved drugs. Recent advancement in technologies and the availability of the data of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-27 Imra Aqeel , Abdul Majid , Muhammad Ismail , Hina Bashir

Cancer claims millions of lives yearly worldwide. While many therapies have been made available in recent years, by in large cancer remains unsolved. Exploiting computational predictive models to study and treat cancer holds great promise…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-22 Alexander Partin , Thomas S. Brettin , Yitan Zhu , Oleksandr Narykov , Austin Clyde , Jamie Overbeek , Rick L. Stevens

In this review we address to what extent computational techniques can augment our ability to predict toxicity. The first section provides a brief history of empirical observations on toxicity dating back to the dawn of Sumerian…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2018-01-17 Narsis A. Kiani , Ming-Mei Shang , Hector Zenil , Jesper Tegnér

Introduction: Computational modeling has rapidly advanced over the last decades, especially to predict molecular properties for chemistry, material science and drug design. Recently, machine learning techniques have emerged as a powerful…

Drug addiction is a complex and pervasive global challenge that continues to pose significant public health concerns. Traditional approaches to anti-addiction drug discovery have struggled to deliver effective therapeutics, facing high…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-11 Dong Chen , Jian Jiang , Zhe Su , Guo-Wei Wei

Drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction plays a very important role in drug development and drug discovery. Biochemical experiments or \textit{in vitro} methods are very expensive, laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, \textit{in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Ratha Pech , Dong Hao , Yan-Li Lee , Maryna Po , Tao Zhou

The matched case-control design, up until recently mostly pertinent to epidemiological studies, is becoming customary in biomedical applications as well. For instance, in omics studies, it is quite common to compare cancer and healthy…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-05 Vera Djordjilović , Erica Ponzi , Therese Haugdahl Nøst , Magne Thoresen

The drug discovery and development process is a long and expensive one, costing over 1 billion USD on average per drug and taking 10-15 years. To reduce the high levels of attrition throughout the process, there has been a growing interest…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-22 Cheng Ye , Rowan Swiers , Stephen Bonner , Ian Barrett

The development of high-throughput sequencing and targeted therapies has led to the emergence of personalized medicine: a patient's molecular profile or the presence of a specific biomarker of drug response will correspond to a treatment…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-27 Jonas Béal , Aurélien Latouche