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Background. As digital technologies increasingly shape social domains such as healthcare, public safety, entertainment, and education, software engineering has engaged with ethical and political concerns primarily through the notion of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Lucas Valenca , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly deployed to make critical decisions in socioeconomic applications such as finance, criminal justice, and autonomous driving. However, due to their data-driven and pattern-seeking nature, ML…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Verya Monjezi , Ashish Kumar , Ashutosh Trivedi , Gang Tan , Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

This paper investigates the parameter space of machine learning (ML) algorithms in aggravating or mitigating fairness bugs. Data-driven software is increasingly applied in social-critical applications where ensuring fairness is of paramount…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Saeid Tizpaz-Niari , Ashish Kumar , Gang Tan , Ashutosh Trivedi

Machine learning software is increasingly being used to make decisions that affect people's lives. But sometimes, the core part of this software (the learned model), behaves in a biased manner that gives undue advantages to a specific group…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Joymallya Chakraborty , Suvodeep Majumder , Zhe Yu , Tim Menzies

Algorithmic discrimination is a condition that arises when data-driven software unfairly treats users based on attributes like ethnicity, race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, or other personal characteristics.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Ramandeep Singh Dehal , Mehak Sharma , Ronnie de Souza Santos

Algorithms learned from data are increasingly used for deciding many aspects in our life: from movies we see, to prices we pay, or medicine we get. Yet there is growing evidence that decision making by inappropriately trained algorithms may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Indre Zliobaite

Predictive algorithms are now used to help distribute a large share of our society's resources and sanctions, such as healthcare, loans, criminal detentions, and tax audits. Under the right circumstances, these algorithms can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Alex Chohlas-Wood , Madison Coots , Sharad Goel , Julian Nyarko

Machine learning's widespread adoption in decision-making processes raises concerns about fairness, particularly regarding the treatment of sensitive features and potential discrimination against minorities. The software engineering…

Machine learning actively impacts our everyday life in almost all endeavors and domains such as healthcare, finance, and energy. As our dependence on the machine learning increases, it is inevitable that these algorithms will be used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Ankit Kulshrestha , Ilya Safro

This research seeks to benefit the software engineering society by proposing comparative separation, a novel group fairness notion to evaluate the fairness of machine learning software on comparative judgment test data. Fairness issues have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xiaoyin Xi , Neeku Capak , Kate Stockwell , Zhe Yu

The importance of incorporating ethics and legal compliance into machine-assisted decision-making is broadly recognized. Further, several lines of recent work have argued that critical opportunities for improving data quality and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Sebastian Schelter , Yuxuan He , Jatin Khilnani , Julia Stoyanovich

\textbf{Background:} Fairness and diversity are receiving growing attention in software engineering, particularly as AI and machine learning systems increasingly influence decision-making processes. While fairness is often examined at the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Cleyton Magalhes , Ronnie de Souza Santos , Bimpe Ayoola , Brody Stuart-Verner , Italo Santos

Machine learning models are widely adopted in scenarios that directly affect people. The development of software systems based on these models raises societal and legal concerns, as their decisions may lead to the unfair treatment of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Inês Valentim , Nuno Lourenço , Nuno Antunes

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and optimization hold substantial promise for improving the efficiency, reliability, and resilience of engineered systems. Due to the networked nature of many engineered systems, ethically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Rosemarie Santa Gonzalez , Ryan Piansky , Sue M Bae , Justin Biddle , Daniel Molzahn

Deep learning is increasingly being used in high-stake decision making applications that affect individual lives. However, deep learning models might exhibit algorithmic discrimination behaviors with respect to protected groups, potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Mengnan Du , Fan Yang , Na Zou , Xia Hu

Scoring systems, as a type of predictive model, have significant advantages in interpretability and transparency and facilitate quick decision-making. As such, scoring systems have been extensively used in a wide variety of industries such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Yi Yang , Ying Wu , Mei Li , Xiangyu Chang , Yong Tan

As software systems continue to play a significant role in modern society, ensuring their fairness has become a critical concern in software engineering. Motivated by this scenario, this paper focused on exploring the multifaceted nature of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Ronnie de Souza Santos , Felipe Fronchetti , Savio Freire , Rodrigo Spinola

Fairness is a critical concept in ethics and social domains, but it is also a challenging property to engineer in software systems. With the increasing use of machine learning in software systems, researchers have been developing techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Giordano d'Aloisio , Claudio Di Sipio , Antinisca Di Marco , Davide Di Ruscio

Machine learning is becoming an ever present part in our lives as many decisions, e.g. to lend a credit, are no longer made by humans but by machine learning algorithms. However those decisions are often unfair and discriminating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Elias Baumann , Josef Lorenz Rumberger

With the increase in adoption of machine learning tools by organizations risks of unfairness abound, especially when human decision processes in outcomes of socio-economic importance such as hiring, housing, lending, and admissions are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Lily Morse , Mike H. M. Teodorescu , Yazeed Awwad , Gerald Kane
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