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A hybrid quantum-classical algorithm is a computational scheme in which quantum circuits are used to extract information that is then processed by a classical routine to guide subsequent quantum operations. These algorithms are especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Alon Levi , Ziv Ossi , Eliahu Cohen , Amit Te'eni

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers could solve quantum-mechanical simulation problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers. However, NISQ devices experience significant errors which, if not corrected, can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-04 Ashley Montanaro , Stasja Stanisic

Simulating the dynamics of many-body quantum systems is believed to be one of the first fields that quantum computers can show a quantum advantage over classical computers. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms aim at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 Jonathan Wei Zhong Lau , Tobias Haug , Leong Chuan Kwek , Kishor Bharti

We propose a realistic hybrid classical-quantum linear solver to solve systems of linear equations of a specific type, and demonstrate its feasibility using Qiskit on IBM Q systems. This algorithm makes use of quantum random walk that runs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-12 Chih-Chieh Chen , Shiue-Yuan Shiau , Ming-Feng Wu , Yuh-Renn Wu

This review investigates the landscapes of prevalent hybrid quantum-classical optimization algorithms in many rapidly developing quantum technologies, where the objective function is either computed by a natural quantum system or a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Xiaozhen Ge , Re-Bing Wu , Herschel Rabitz

Due to the immense potential of quantum computers and the significant computing overhead required in machine learning applications, the variational quantum classifier (VQC) has received a lot of interest recently for image classification.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-20 Ruiyang Qin , Zhiding Liang , Jinglei Cheng , Peter Kogge , Yiyu Shi

We consider the learnability of the quantum neural network (QNN) built on the variational hybrid quantum-classical scheme, which remains largely unknown due to the non-convex optimization landscape, the measurement error, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-27 Yuxuan Du , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Tongliang Liu , Shan You , Dacheng Tao

We consider quantum-classical hybrid machine learning in which large-scale input channels remain classical and small-scale working channels process quantum operations conditioned on classical input data. This does not require the conversion…

Quantum computing (QC) is a new paradigm offering the potential of exponential speedups over classical computing for certain computational problems. Each additional qubit doubles the size of the computational state space available to a QC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-22 Wei Tang , Teague Tomesh , Martin Suchara , Jeffrey Larson , Margaret Martonosi

First quantum computers very recently have demonstrated "quantum supremacy" or "quantum advantage": Executing a computation that would have been impossible on a classical machine. Today's quantum computers follow the NISQ paradigm: They…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-30 Sebastian Brandhofer , Simon Devitt , Thomas Wellens , Ilia Polian

Problem instances of a size suitable for practical applications are not likely to be addressed during the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) period with (almost) pure quantum algorithms. Hybrid classical-quantum algorithms have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-05 Randall Correll , Sean J. Weinberg , Fabio Sanches , Takanori Ide , Takafumi Suzuki

Complex quantum networks are not only hard to establish, but also difficult to simulate due to the exponentially growing state space and noise-induced imperfections. In this work, we propose an alternative approach that leverage quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Ferran Riera-Sàbat , Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Wolfgang Dür

As research on building scalable quantum computers advances, it is important to be able to certify their correctness. Due to the exponential hardness of classically simulating quantum computation, straight-forward verification through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-23 Iskren Vankov , Daniel Mills , Petros Wallden , Elham Kashefi

Quantum transfer learning combines pretrained classical deep learning models with quantum circuits to reuse expressive feature representations while limiting the number of trainable parameters. In this work, we introduce a family of compact…

Hybrid quantum and classical learning aims to couple quantum feature maps with the robustness of classical neural networks, yet most architectures treat the quantum circuit as an isolated feature extractor and merge its measurements with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Azadeh Alavi , Fatemeh Kouchmeshki , Abdolrahman Alavi

Variational hybrid quantum-classical optimization represents one of the most promising avenue to show the advantage of nowadays noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers in solving hard problems, such as finding the minimum-energy state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Laura Gentini , Alessandro Cuccoli , Stefano Pirandola , Paola Verrucchi , Leonardo Banchi

Before the availability of large scale fault-tolerant quantum devices, one has to find ways to make the most of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. One possibility is to seek smaller repetitive hybrid quantum-classical tasks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Teiko Heinosaari , Daniel Reitzner , Alessandro Toigo

We show that currently available noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers can be used for versatile quantum simulations of chaotic systems. We introduce a novel classical-quantum hybrid approachfor exploring the dynamics of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Amit Anand , Sanchit Srivastava , Sayan Gangopadhyay , Shohini Ghose

Deep neural network powered artificial intelligence has rapidly changed our daily life with various applications. However, as one of the essential steps of deep neural networks, training a heavily weighted network requires a tremendous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-23 Samuel A. Stein , Ryan L'Abbate , Wenrui Mu , Yue Liu , Betis Baheri , Ying Mao , Qiang Guan , Ang Li , Bo Fang

Query complexity is a common tool for comparing quantum and classical computation, and it has produced many examples of how quantum algorithms differ from classical ones. Here we investigate in detail the role that oracles play for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Niklas Johansson , Jan-Åke Larsson