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Gate model quantum computers with too many qubits to be simulated by available classical computers are about to arrive. We present a strategy for programming these devices without error correction or compilation. This means that the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-21 E. Farhi , J. Goldstone , S. Gutmann , H. Neven

We consider the problem of mapping a logical quantum circuit onto a given hardware with limited two-qubit connectivity. We model this problem as an integer linear program, using a network flow formulation with binary variables that includes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-27 Giacomo Nannicini , Lev S Bishop , Oktay Gunluk , Petar Jurcevic

Quantum computers promise to outperform their classical counterparts at certain tasks. However, existing quantum devices are error-prone and restricted in size. Thus, effective compilation methods are crucial to exploit limited quantum…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Moritz Stargalla , Friedrich Wagner

Quantum circuits are typically represented by a (ordered) sequence of gates over a set of virtual qubits. During compilation, the virtual qubits of the gates are assigned to the physical qubits of the underlying quantum hardware, a step…

Quantum computers are increasing in size and quality, but are still very noisy. Error mitigation extends the size of the quantum circuits that noisy devices can meaningfully execute. However, state-of-the-art error mitigation methods are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-25 Stefan H. Sack , Daniel J. Egger

Full connectivity of qubits is necessary for most quantum algorithms, which is difficult to directly implement on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum processors. However, inserting swap gate to enable the two-qubit gates between uncoupled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Bin-Han Lu , Yu-Chun Wu , Wei-Cheng Kong , Qi Zhou , Guo-Ping Guo

We develop a qubit routing algorithm with polynomial classical run time for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The algorithm follows a two step process. First, it obtains a near-optimal solution, based on Vizing's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Ayse Kotil , Fedor Simkovic , Martin Leib

We present methods for implementing arbitrary permutations of qubits under interaction constraints. Our protocols make use of previous methods for rapidly reversing the order of qubits along a path. Given nearest-neighbor interactions on a…

To run quantum algorithms on emerging gate-model quantum hardware, quantum circuits must be compiled to take into account constraints on the hardware. For near-term hardware, with only limited means to mitigate decoherence, it is critical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-22 Davide Venturelli , Minh Do , Eleanor Rieffel , Jeremy Frank

The cost of enabling connectivity in Noisy-Intermediate-Scale-Quantum devices is an important factor in determining computational power. We have created a qubit routing algorithm which enables efficient global connectivity in a previously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-20 Mark Webber , Steven Herbert , Sebastian Weidt , Winfried K. Hensinger

As quantum hardware increases in complexity, successful algorithmic execution relies more heavily on awareness of existing device constraints. In this work we focus on the problem of routing quantum information across the machine to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-03 Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

A primary objective of quantum computation is to efficiently simulate quantum physics. Scientifically and technologically important quantum Hamiltonians include those with spin-$s$, vibrational, photonic, and other bosonic degrees of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-11 Nicolas P. D. Sawaya , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi , Adam Holmes

Quantum computing hardware is undergoing rapid development from proof-of-principle devices to scalable machines that could eventually challenge classical supercomputers on specific tasks. On platforms with local connectivity, the transition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-13 Adam Holmes , Sonika Johri , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi , James S. Clarke , A. Y. Matsuura

The circuit model of a quantum computer consists of sequences of gate operations between quantum bits (qubits), drawn from a universal family of discrete operations. The ability to execute parallel entangling quantum gates offers clear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 C. Figgatt , A. Ostrander , N. M. Linke , K. A. Landsman , D. Zhu , D. Maslov , C. Monroe

Quantum algorithms can be realized in the form of a quantum circuit. To map quantum circuit for specific quantum algorithm to quantum hardware, qubit mapping is an imperative technique based on the qubit topology. Due to the neighbourhood…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Amit Saha , Debasri Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti

The recently proposed QAOA-GPT framework demonstrated that generative pre-trained transformers can learn mappings between problem graphs and optimized quantum circuits for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). In this work,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Leanto Sunny , Abhinav Rijal , George Siopsis

Circuit knitting emerges as a promising technique to overcome the limitation of the few physical qubits in near-term quantum hardware by cutting large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits. Recent research in this area has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Xiangyu Ren , Mengyu Zhang , Antonio Barbalace

Quantum optimization solvers typically rely on one-variable-to-one-qubit mapping. However, the low qubit count on current quantum computers is a major obstacle in competing against classical methods. Here, we develop a qubit-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Bhuvanesh Sundar , Maxime Dupont

The limited qubit connectivity of quantum processors poses a significant challenge in deploying practical algorithms and logical gates, necessitating efficient qubit mapping and routing strategies. When implementing a gate that requires…

QAOA is a quantum algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. It is capable of searching for the minimizing solution vector $x$ of a QUBO problem $x^TQx$. The number of two-qubit CNOT gates in the QAOA circuit scales linearly…