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We argue that the quantum probability law follows, in the large N limit, from the compatibility of quantum mechanics with classical-like properties of macroscopic objects. For a finite sample, we find that likely and unlikely measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Yakir Aharonov , Benni Reznik

The classical Metropolis-Hastings (MH) algorithm can be extended to generate non-reversible Markov chains. This is achieved by means of a modification of the acceptance probability, using the notion of vorticity matrix. The resulting Markov…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Joris Bierkens

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy production in macroscopic systems is non-negative, reaching zero only at thermodynamic equilibrium. As a corollary, this implies that the state trajectory of macroscopic systems is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-30 O. Politano , Alejandro L. Garcia , F. Baras , M. Malek Mansour

Proposals to solve the problems of quantum measurement via non-linear CPT-violating modifications of quantum dynamics are argued to provide a possible fundamental explanation for the irreversibility of statistical mechanics as well. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. B. Weissman

Microphysical laws are time reversible, but macrophysics, chemistry and biology are not. This chapter explores how this asymmetry (a classic example of a broken symmetry) arises due to the cosmological context, where a non-local Direction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-18 George F R Ellis , Barbara Drossel

Causal reversibility blends reversibility and causality for concurrent systems. It indicates that an action can be undone provided that all of its consequences have been undone already, thus making it possible to bring the system back to a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Marco Bernardo , Claudio A. Mezzina

We introduce the notion of order of magnitude reversibility (OM-reversibility) in Markov chains that are parametrized by a positive parameter $\ep$. OM-reversibility is a weaker condition than reversibility, and requires only the knowledge…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-10-26 Badal Joshi

Molecular Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics make possible a particle-based understanding of Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics, including the fascinating Loschmidt contradiction between time-reversible atomistic mechanics and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-06-26 William G. Hoover , Carol G. Hoover

Time-reversal had always been assumed to be a symmetry of physics at the fundamental level. In this paper we will explore the violations of time-reversal symmetry at the fundamental level and the consequences on thermodynamic systems.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-05 Jose A. Magpantay

We consider a general system of n noninteracting identical particles which evolve under a given dynamical law and whose initial microstates are a priori independent. The time evolution of the n-particle average of a bounded function on the…

chao-dyn · Physics 2021-04-28 Brian R. La Cour , William C. Schieve

Through extended consideration of two wide classes of case studies -- dilute gases and linear systems -- I explore the ways in which assumptions of probability and irreversibility occur in contemporary statistical mechanics, where the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-23 David Wallace

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Ludwig Boltzmann explained how irreversible macroscopic laws, in particular the second law of thermodynamics, originate in the time-reversible laws of microscopic physics. Boltzmann's analysis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sheldon Goldstein

Algorithmic randomness theory starts with a notion of an individual random object. To be reasonable, this notion should have some natural properties; in particular, an object should be random with respect to image distribution if and only…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-15 Laurent Bienvenu , Mathieu Hoyrup , Alexander Shen

A Markov decision problem is called reversible if the stationary controlled Markov chain is reversible under every stationary Markovian strategy. A natural application in which such problems arise is in the control of Metropolis-Hastings…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-13 Venkat Anantharam

A broken time-reversal symmetry, i.e. broken detailed balance, is central to non-equilibrium physics and is a prerequisite for life. However, it turns out to be quite challenging to unambiguously define and quantify time-reversal symmetry…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-20 Cai Dieball , Aljaž Godec

I show that whenever a system undergoes a reproducible macroscopic process the mutual distinguishability of macrostates, as measured by their relative entropy, diminishes. This extends the second law which regards only ordinary entropies,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-08-10 Jochen Rau

Nies and Scholz introduced the notion of a state to describe an infinite sequence of qubits and defined quantum-Martin-Lof randomness for states, analogously to the well known concept of Martin-L\"of randomness for elements of Cantor space…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Tejas Bhojraj

We study dynamical fluctuations in the macroscopic paths around the most probable path of the Kac ring model, which is a simple deterministic and reversible dynamical system exhibiting the macroscopic irreversible relaxation. We derive the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-04-19 Ken Hiura

Uncovering the origin of the arrow of time remains a fundamental scientific challenge. Within the framework of statistical physics, this problem was inextricably associated with the second law of thermodynamics, which declares that entropy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-27 G. B. Lesovik , I. A. Sadovskyy , M. V. Suslov , A. V. Lebedev , V. M. Vinokur

Power-law distributions are typical macroscopic features occurring in almost all complex systems observable in nature. As a result, researchers in quantitative analyses must often generate random synthetic variates obeying power-law…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-11-11 Filippo Radicchi