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Objective: Breathing pattern variability (BPV), as a universal physiological feature, encodes rich health information. We aim to show that, a high-quality automatic sleep stage scoring based on a proper quantification of BPV extracting from…

Applications · Statistics 2023-06-06 Yu-Min Chung , Whitney K. Huang , Hau-Tieng Wu

Characterizing the sleep-wake cycle in adolescents is an important prerequisite to better understand the association of abnormal sleep patterns with subsequent clinical and behavioral outcomes. The aim of this research was to develop hidden…

Applications · Statistics 2022-12-22 Semhar B. Ogbagaber , Yifan Cui , Kaigang Li , Ronald J. Iannotti , Paul S. Albert

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) monitors brain activity during sleep and is used to identify sleep disorders. In sleep medicine, clinicians interpret raw EEG signals in so-called sleep stages, which are assigned by experts to every…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-12-12 Stanislas Chambon , Valentin Thorey , Pierrick J. Arnal , Emmanuel Mignot , Alexandre Gramfort

Sleep staging plays an important role on the diagnosis of sleep disorders. In general, experts classify sleep stages manually based on polysomnography (PSG), which is quite time-consuming. Meanwhile, the acquisition process of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Huafeng Wang , Chonggang Lu , Qi Zhang , Zhimin Hu , Xiaodong Yuan , Pingshu Zhang , Wanquan Liu

In the field of behavior-related brain computation, it is necessary to align raw neural signals against the drastic domain shift among them. A foundational framework within neuroscience research posits that trial-based neural population…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-12 Yule Wang , Zijing Wu , Chengrui Li , Anqi Wu

Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring of neural activity is widely used for sleep disorder diagnostics and research. The standard of care is to manually classify 30-second epochs of EEG time-domain traces into 5 discrete sleep stages.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-21 Leon Chlon , Andrew Song , Sandya Subramanian , Hugo Soulat , John Tauber , Demba Ba , Michael Prerau

Sleep stage classification constitutes an important preliminary exam in the diagnosis of sleep disorders. It is traditionally performed by a sleep expert who assigns to each 30s of signal a sleep stage, based on the visual inspection of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-28 Stanislas Chambon , Mathieu Galtier , Pierrick Arnal , Gilles Wainrib , Alexandre Gramfort

Electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep is used by clinicians to evaluate various neurological disorders. In sleep medicine, it is relevant to detect macro-events (> 10s) such as sleep stages, and micro-events (<2s) such as spindles and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-17 Stanislas Chambon , Valentin Thorey , Pierrick J. Arnal , Emmanuel Mignot , Alexandre Gramfort

We introduce an innovative approach to automated sleep stage classification using EOG signals, addressing the discomfort and impracticality associated with EEG data acquisition. In addition, it is important to note that this approach is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Suvadeep Maiti , Shivam Kumar Sharma , Raju S. Bapi

Incorporating novelties into deep learning systems remains a challenging problem. Introducing new information to a machine learning system can interfere with previously stored data and potentially alter the global model paradigm, especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Alessandro Londei , Matteo Benati , Denise Lanzieri , Vittorio Loreto

Accurate classification of sleep stages based on bio-signals is fundamental not only for automatic sleep stage annotation, but also for clinical health management and continuous sleep monitoring. Traditionally, this task relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jingyu Li , Tiehua Zhang , Jinze Wang , Yi Zhang , Yuhuan Li , Yifan Zhao , Zhishu Shen , Libing Wu , Jiannan Liu

Automatic sleep staging is essential for sleep assessment and disorder diagnosis. Most existing methods depend on one specific dataset and are limited to be generalized to other unseen datasets, for which the training data and testing data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-12 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Haiteng Jiang , Shijian Li , Tao Li , Gang Pan

Accurate sleep stage classification across datasets remains challenging due to variability in EEG channel montages, sampling rates, recording environments, and subject populations. Although deep learning has shown considerable promise for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Unaza Tallal , Shruti Kshirsagar , Ankita Shukla

Deep learning is widely used in the most recent automatic sleep scoring algorithms. Its popularity stems from its excellent performance and from its ability to directly process raw signals and to learn feature from the data. Most of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Luigi Fiorillo , Paolo Favaro , Francesca Dalia Faraci

In this work, a dense recurrent convolutional neural network (DRCNN) was constructed to detect sleep disorders including arousal, apnea and hypopnea using Polysomnography (PSG) measurement channels provided in the 2018 Physionet challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Bahareh Pourbabaee , Matthew Howe-Patterson , Matthew Patterson , Frederic Benard

Sleep staging is of great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. Recently, numerous data-driven deep learning models have been proposed for automatic sleep staging. They mainly train the model on a large public…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee-Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li , Cuntai Guan

Sleep spindles are neurophysiological phenomena that appear to be linked to memory formation and other functions of the central nervous system, and that can be observed in electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) during sleep. Manually…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-12 Lars Kaulen , Justus T. C. Schwabedal , Jules Schneider , Philipp Ritter , Stephan Bialonski

Data augmentation (DA) can significantly strengthen the electroencephalogram (EEG)-based seizure prediction methods. However, existing DA approaches are just the linear transformations of original data and cannot explore the feature space…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-10 Kai Shu , Le Wu , Yuchang Zhao , Aiping Liu , Ruobing Qian , Xun Chen

Objective: Automatic sleep scoring is crucial for diagnosing sleep disorders. Existing frameworks based on Polysomnography often rely on long sequences of input signals to predict sleep stages, which can introduce complexity. Moreover,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Muhammad Sudipto Siam Dip , Mohammod Abdul Motin , Chandan Karmakar , Thomas Penzel , Marimuthu Palaniswami

Objective: Sleep spindles contain crucial brain dynamics information. We introduce the novel non-linear time-frequency analysis tool 'Concentration of Frequency and Time' (ConceFT) to create an interpretable automated algorithm for sleep…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-31 Riki Shimizu , Hau-Tieng Wu