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A public ledger is a tamperproof sequence of data that can be read and augmented by everyone. Public ledgers have innumerable and compelling uses. They can secure, in plain sight, all kinds of transactions ---such as titles, sales, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Jing Chen , Silvio Micali

Permissionless blockchain protocols are known to consume an outrageous amount of computing power and suffer from a trade-off between latency and confidence in transaction confirmation. The recently proposed Algorand blockchain protocol…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Kadir Korkmaz , Joachim Bruneau-Queyreix , Sonia Ben Mokthar , Laurent Réveillère

Algorand is a scalable and secure permissionless blockchain that achieves proof-of-stake consensus via cryptographic self-sortition and binary Byzantine agreement. In this paper we present a process algebraic model of the Algorand consensus…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Andrea Esposito , Francesco P. Rossi , Marco Bernardo , Francesco Fabris , Hubert Garavel

The Algorand blockchain is a secure and decentralized public ledger based on pure proof of stake rather than proof of work. At its core it is a novel consensus protocol with exactly one block certified in each round: that is, the protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Musab A. Alturki , Jing Chen , Victor Luchangco , Brandon Moore , Karl Palmskog , Lucas Peña , Grigore Roşu

Founded in 2017, Algorand is one of the world's first carbon-negative, public blockchains inspired by proof of stake. Algorand uses a Byzantine agreement protocol to add new blocks to the blockchain. The protocol can tolerate malicious…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Maizi Liao , Wojciech Golab , Seyed Majid Zahedi

Recently, an ingenious protocol called Algorand has been proposed to overcome these limitations. Algorand uses an innovative process - called cryptographic sortition - to securely and unpredictably elect a set of voters from the network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Mauro Conti , Ankit Gangwal , Michele Todero

Algorand is a recent, open-source public or permissionless blockchain system that employs a novel proof-of-stake byzantine consensus protocol to efficiently scale the distributed transaction agreement problem to billions of users. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Mehdi Fooladgar , Mohammad Hossein Manshaei , Murtuza Jadliwala , Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman

Byzantine general problem is the core problem of the consensus algorithm, and many protocols are proposed recently to improve the decentralization level, the performance and the security of the blockchain. There are two challenging issues…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Tzu-Wei Chao , Hao Chung , Po-Chun Kuo

Classic Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus protocols forfeit liveness in the face of asynchrony in order to preserve safety, whereas most deployed blockchain protocols forfeit safety in order to remain live. In this work, we achieve the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Alistair Stewart , Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogia

Lower bounds and impossibility results in distributed computing are both intellectually challenging and practically important. Hundreds if not thousands of proofs appear in the literature, but surprisingly, the vast majority of them apply…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Guy Goren , Yoram Moses , Alexander Spiegelman

Byzantine agreement, the underlying core of blockchain, aims to make every node in a decentralized network reach consensus. Classical Byzantine agreements unavoidably face two major problems. One is $1/3$ fault-tolerance bound, which means…

We present Blizzard, a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) distributed ledger protocol that is aimed at making mobile devices first-class citizens in the consensus process. Blizzard introduces a novel two-tier architecture by having the mobile…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Mehrdad Kiamari , Bhaskar Krishnamachari , Muhammad Naveed , Seokgu Yun

We present a Byzantine agreement protocol to address the inefficiencies inherent in multi-valued Byzantine agreement protocols, i.e., a version of the Byzantine agreement protocol where every party broadcasts its request, and at the end of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Nasit S Sony

It is well known that a trusted setup allows one to solve the Byzantine agreement problem in the presence of $t<n/2$ corruptions, bypassing the setup-free $t<n/3$ barrier. Alas, the overwhelming majority of protocols in the literature have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Daniel Collins , Yuval Efron , Jovan Komatovic

Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) consensus is a fundamental primitive for distributed computation. However, BFT protocols suffer from the ordering manipulation, in which an adversary can make front-running. Several protocols are proposed to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Guangren Wang , Liang Cai , Fangyu Gai , Jianyu Niu

This paper presents a novel leaderless protocol (FPC-BI: Fast Probabilistic Consensus within Byzantine Infrastructures) with a low communicational complexity and which allows a set of nodes to come to a consensus on a value of a single bit.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Serguei Popov , William J Buchanan

While the blockchain-based smart contract has become a hot topic of research over the last decade, not the least in the context of Industry 4.0, it now has well-known legal and technical shortcomings that currently prohibit its real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Emanuel Palm , Ulf Bodin , Olov Schelén

Analog Lagrange Coded Computing (ALCC) is a recently proposed computational paradigm wherein certain computations over analog datasets are efficiently performed using distributed worker nodes through floating point representation. While the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Rimpi Borah , J. Harshan

The problem of Byzantine consensus has been key to designing secure distributed systems. However, it is particularly difficult, mainly due to the presence of Byzantine processes that act arbitrarily and the unknown message delays in general…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Alejandro Ranchal-Pedrosa , Vincent Gramoli

Byzantine fault tolerant protocols enable state replication in the presence of crashed, malfunctioning, or actively malicious processes. Designing such protocols without the assistance of verification tools, however, is remarkably…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Joel Wanner , Laurent Chuat , Adrian Perrig
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