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A program is non-interferent if it leaks no secret information to an observable output. However, non-interference is too strict in many practical cases and quantitative information flow (QIF) has been proposed and studied in depth.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Bao Trung Chu , Kenji Hashimoto , Hiroyuki Seki

Quantitative information flow (QIF) is concerned with assessing the leakage of information in computational systems. In QIF there are two main perspectives for the quantification of leakage. On one hand, the static perspective considers all…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Luigi D. C. Soares , Mário S. Alvim , Natasha Fernandes

Quantitative information flow (QIF) is concerned with measuring how much of a secret is leaked to an adversary who observes the result of a computation that uses it. Prior work has shown that QIF techniques based on abstract interpretation…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Ian Sweet , Jose Manuel Calderon Trilla , Chad Scherrer , Michael Hicks , Stephen Magill

We present a novel formal system for proving quantitative-leakage properties of programs. Based on a theory of Quantitative Information Flow (QIF) that models information leakage as a noisy communication channel, it uses "gain-functions"…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Chris Chen , Annabelle McIver , Carroll Morgan

Pairwise Causal Discovery is the task of determining causal, anticausal, confounded or independence relationships from pairs of variables. Over the last few years, this challenging task has promoted not only the discovery of novel machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Felipe Giori , Flavio Figueiredo

We introduce a new perspective into the field of quantitative information flow (QIF) analysis that invites the community to bound the leakage, reported by QIF quantifiers, by a range consistent with the size of a program's secret input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Sari Haj Hussein

We put forward a model of action-based randomization mechanisms to analyse quantitative information flow (QIF) under generic leakage functions, and under possibly adaptive adversaries. This model subsumes many of the QIF models proposed so…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-14 M. Boreale , Francesca Pampaloni

Quantitative information flow analyses measure how much information on secrets is leaked by publicly observable outputs. One area of interest is to quantify and estimate the information leakage of composed systems. Prior work has focused on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-30 Yusuke Kawamoto , Thomas Given-Wilson

Information flow analysis is a powerful technique for reasoning about the sensitive information exposed by a program during its execution. While past work has proposed information theoretic metrics (e.g., Shannon entropy, min-entropy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-09-22 Ji Zhu , Mudhakar Srivatsa

Information flow is the branch of security that studies the leakage of information due to correlation between secrets and observables. Since in general such correlation cannot be avoided completely, it is important to quantify the leakage.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Yusuke Kawamoto , Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis , Catuscia Palamidessi

In a software system it is possible to quantify the amount of information that is leaked or corrupted by analysing the flows of information present in the source code. In a cyber-physical system, information flows are not only present at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-17 Eric Rothstein Morris , Carlos G. Murguia , Martín Ochoa

Secure software architecture is increasingly important in a data-driven world. When security is neglected sensitive information might leak through unauthorized access. To mitigate this software architects needs tools and methods to quantify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Rasmus Carl Rønneberg

Dynamic quantization emerged as a practical approach to increase the utilization and efficiency of the machine learning serving flow. Unlike static quantization, which applies quantization offline, dynamic quantization operates on tensors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hanna Foerster , Ilia Shumailov , Cheng Zhang , Yiren Zhao , Jamie Hayes , Robert Mullins

Quantitative Information Flow (QIF) provides a robust information-theoretical framework for designing secure systems with minimal information leakage. While previous research has addressed the design of such systems under hard constraints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Andreas Athanasiou , Konstantinos Chatzikokolakis , Catuscia Palamidessi

In quantitative information flow we say that program $Q$ is "at least as secure as" $P$ just when the amount of secret information flowing from $Q$ is never more than flows from $P$, with of course a suitable quantification of "flow". This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-04-19 N. Bordenabe , A. McIver , C Morgan , T. Rabehaja

The enormous amount of code required to design modern hardware implementations often leads to critical vulnerabilities being overlooked. Especially vulnerabilities that compromise the confidentiality of sensitive data, such as cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Lennart M. Reimann , Luca Hanel , Dominik Sisejkovic , Farhad Merchant , Rainer Leupers

This paper presents a scalable, practical approach to quantifying information leaks in software; these errors are often overlooked and downplayed, but can seriously compromise security mechanisms such as address space layout randomisation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Daniel Blackwell , Ingolf Becker , David Clark

The study of leakage measures for privacy has been a subject of intensive research and is an important aspect of understanding how privacy leaks occur in computer systems. Differential privacy has been a focal point in the privacy community…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Natasha Fernandes , Annabelle McIver , Parastoo Sadeghi

Quantitative theories of information flow give us an approach to relax the absolute confidentiality properties that are difficult to satisfy for many practical programs. The classical information-theoretic approaches for sequential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-13 Tri Minh Ngo , Marieke Huisman

Quantitative information flow analyses (QIF) are a class of techniques for measuring the amount of confidential information leaked by a program to its public outputs. Shannon entropy is an important method to quantify the amount of leakage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yong Lai , Haolong Tong , Zhenghang Xu , Minghao Yin
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