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The concepts of phase, group, and front velocities introduced by Sommerfeld will be reviewed, and applied to superluminal phenomena, with a brief review of optical experiments that evince superluminal group velocities. We shall discuss the…
Recent advances in high-precision spectroscopy of highly charged ions necessitate an understanding of energy shifts of ionic levels caused by external electric and magnetic fields. Beyond the well-known Stark and linear Zeeman shifts,…
We address the role of fluctuations in strongly interacting matter during the dense stages of a heavy-ion collision through its electromagnetic emission. Fluctuations of isospin charge are considered in a thermal system at rest as well as…
Outer sphere electron transfer rates can be calculated from simulation data by sampling the equilibrium statistics of the canonical reaction coordinate -- the vertical energy gap. For these calculations, electron transfer is typically…
Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show the direct evidence of charge transfer between adsorbed molecules and metal substrate, i.e. chemisorption of CO on Pt(111) and Pt-Sn/Pt(111) 2x2 surfaces. The observed band structure…
We have measured K-shell x-ray spectra of highly ionized argon and phosphorus following charge exchange with molecular hydrogen at low collision energy in an electron beam ion trap using an x-ray calorimeter array with $\sim$6 eV…
The electron transfer between an $F^{-}$ ion and $Cu(111)$ and $Ag(111)$ surfaces is studied by the wave packet propagation method in order to determine specifics of the charge transfer interaction between the negative ion and the metal…
The interface between a heavy electron coherent metallic phase and an incoherent normal metal phase is discussed. The Fermi momentum mismatch between the two phases causes the carriers to scatter at the interface. The interface conductance…
Observation of charge asymmetry by comparing electron and positron, or muon and anti-muon, scattering on a hadronic target presently serves as an experimental tool to study two-photon exchange effects. In addition to two-photon exchange,…
Since the initial discovery of cometary charge exchange emission, more than 20 comets have been observed with a variety of X-ray and UV observatories. This observational sample offers a broad variety of comets, solar wind environments and…
Using an anomalous transport model for massless quarks and antiquarks, we study the effect of a magnetic field on the elliptic flows of quarks and antiquarks in relativistic heavy ion collisions. With initial conditions from a blast wave…
We identify qualitative trends in the stacking sequence dependence of carrier-carrier interaction phenomena in multilayer graphene. Our theory is based on a new approach which explicitly exhibits the important role in interaction phenomena…
A Fokker-Planck model for the interaction of fast ions with the thermal electrons in a quasi-neutral plasma is developed. When the fast ion population has a net flux (i.e. the distribution of the fast ions is anisotropic in velocity space)…
Charge transfer plays the central role in chemisorption and chemical reactions at metal surfaces. The Somorjai group in Nano. Lett. {\bf 9}, 3930 (2009) has reported a chemicurrent, a flux of charge carriers in response to $\mathrm{H_2}$…
Various measures of charge fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions are discussed. Advantages of the Phi-measure are demonstrated and its relation to other fluctuation measures is established. To get the relation, Phi is expressed through the…
The electron sheath is a particular electron-rich sheath with negative net charges where plasma potential is lower than the biased electrode. Here an improved understanding of electron sheath theory is provided using both fluid and kinetic…
Recent investigations by Fuchs et al. [Nat. Phys. 11, 964 (2015)] revealed an anomalous frequency shift in non-linear Compton scattering of high-intensity X-rays by electrons in solid beryllium. This frequency shift was at least 800 eV to…
In this chapter we introduce a microscopic modelling of the surplus electrons on the plasma wall which complements the classical description of the plasma sheath. First we introduce a model for the electron surface layer to study the…
Surfaces are able to control physical-chemical processes in multi-component solution systems and, as such, find application in a wide range of technological devices. Understanding the structure, dynamics and thermodynamics of non-ideal…
For the present analysis, simulations are carried out for thousand of events for the reaction of 79Au197 + 79Au197 at semi-central geometry using a hard equation of state. The whole of the analysis is performed for light charged particles…