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Second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy has been applied to probe the fused silica/water interface at pH 7 and the uncharged 11bar02 sapphire/water interface at pH 5.2 in contact with aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KCl, RbCl,…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-03-28 Mavis D. Boamah , Paul E. Ohno , Franz M. Geiger , Kenneth B. Eisenthal

Non-resonant second harmonic generation phase and amplitude measurements obtained from the silica:water interface at varying pH and 0.5 M ionic strength point to the existence of a nonlinear susceptibility term, which we call chi(3)X, that…

Here we report the polarization dependent non-resonant second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement of the interfacial water molecules at the aqueous solution of the following salts: NaF, NaCl, NaBr, KF, KCl, and KBr. Through quantitative…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-08-29 Hong-tao Bian , Ran-ran Feng , Yuan Guo , Hong-fei Wang

We report ionic strength-dependent phase shifts in second harmonic generation (SHG) signals from charged interfaces that verify a recent model in which dispersion between the fundamental and second harmonic beams modulates observed signal…

The forces of electrical imaging strongly polarize the surface of colloidal silica. I used X-ray scattering to study the adsorbed 2-nm-thick compact layer of alkali ions at the surface of concentrated solutions of 5-nm, 7-nm, and 22-nm…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Aleksey M. Tikhonov

Ion hydration and interfacial water play crucial roles in numerous phenomena ranging from biological to industrial systems. Although biologically relevant (and mostly smaller) ions have been studied extensively in this context, very little…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-01-01 William Rock , Baofu Qiao , Tiecheng Zhou , Aurora E. Clark , Ahmet Uysal

Graphite is a ubiquitous electrode material with particular promise for use in e.g., energy storage and desalination devices, but very little is known about the properties of the graphite-electrolyte double layer at technologically relevant…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-09-03 Aaron R. Finney , Ian J. McPherson , Patrick R. Unwin , Matteo Salvalaglio

Second harmonic generation amplitude and phase measurements are acquired in real time from fused silica:water interfaces that are subjected to ionic strength transitions conducted at pH 5.8. In conjunction with atomistic modeling, we…

We studied the interaction between salts and surfactants on the water surface using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation (HD-VSFG) spectroscopy. We used sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a prototype surfactant system at 75…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-15 Sanghamitra Sengupta , Jan Versluis , Huib J. Bakker

Light and heat drive interfacial chemistry at solid-liquid interfaces, underpinning processes central to sustainable energy conversion, including photoelectrochemical and hydrovoltaic systems. Yet, non-invasive probing of light-induced…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Tarique Anwar , Diana DallAglio , Milad Sabzehparvar , Giulia Tagliabue

Hydrophobic solid-water interfaces underpin processes in nanofluidics, electrochemistry, and energy technologies. Microscopic insights into these systems are often inferred from our understanding of the air-water interface, which is assumed…

The distribution of ions and their impact on the structure of electrolyte interfaces plays an important role in many applications. Interestingly, recent experimental studies have suggested the preferential accumulation of $SO_4^{2-}$ ions…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Ademola Soyemi , Tibor Szilvasi

Through molecular dynamics simulations considering thermal vibration of surface atoms, ionic behaviors in concentrated NaCl solutions confined between discretely charged silicon surfaces have been investigated. The electric double layer…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2017-04-06 Yinghua Qiu , Jian Ma , Yunfei Chen

The interface between two different semiconductors is crucial in determining the electronic properties at the heterojunction, therefore novel techniques that can probe these regions are of particular interest. Recently it has been shown…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Frederico B. Sousa , Lucas Lafeta , Alisson R. Cadore , Prasana K. Sahoo , Leandro M. Malard

We develop and verify a phase-sensitive second harmonic generation spectroscopic scheme that allows for direct determination of the absolute surface charge density and surface potential of a water interface without need of prior interfacial…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-08-27 Laetitia Dalstein , Kuo-Yang Chiang , Yu-Chieh Wen

Surfaces are able to control physical-chemical processes in multi-component solution systems and, as such, find application in a wide range of technological devices. Understanding the structure, dynamics and thermodynamics of non-ideal…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-09-29 Aaron R. Finney , Matteo Salvalaglio

Whether or not specific ion effects determine the charge storage properties of aqueous graphene and graphite-based supercapacitors remains a highly debated topic. In this work we present a multiscale quantum mechanics classical molecular…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-11-10 Joshua D. Elliott , Mara Chiricotto , Alessandro Troisi , Paola Carbone

(Abridged) We present Herschel/HIFI spectra of the H2O 1113 GHz and H2O+ 1115 GHz lines toward five nearby prototypical starburst/AGN systems, and OH+ 971 GHz spectra toward three of these. The beam size of 20" corresponds to resolutions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-14 Floris van der Tak , Axel Weiss , Lijie Liu , Rolf Guesten

Molecular-level insight into interfacial water at buried electrode interfaces is essential in elucidating many phenomena of electrochemistry, but spectroscopic probing of the buried interfaces remains challenging. Here, using…

Protons at the water/vapor interface are relevant for atmospheric and environmental processes, yet to characterize their surface affinity on the quantitative level is still challenging. Here we utilize phase-sensitive sum-frequency…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-08-27 Kuo-Yang Chiang , Laetitia Dalstein , Yu-Chieh Wen
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