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Deep learning has enabled traditional reinforcement learning methods to deal with high-dimensional problems. However, one of the disadvantages of deep reinforcement learning methods is the limited exploration capacity of learning agents. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Thanh Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Reinforcement learning holds the promise of enabling autonomous robots to learn large repertoires of behavioral skills with minimal human intervention. However, robotic applications of reinforcement learning often compromise the autonomy of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Shixiang Gu , Ethan Holly , Timothy Lillicrap , Sergey Levine

Self-trained autonomous agents developed using machine learning are showing great promise in a variety of control settings, perhaps most remarkably in applications involving autonomous vehicles. The main challenge associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Patrik Hammersborg , Inga Strümke

Deep reinforcement learning agents have achieved state-of-the-art results by directly maximising cumulative reward. However, environments contain a much wider variety of possible training signals. In this paper, we introduce an agent that…

When encountering novel objects, humans are able to infer a wide range of physical properties such as mass, friction and deformability by interacting with them in a goal driven way. This process of active interaction is in the same spirit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-21 Misha Denil , Pulkit Agrawal , Tejas D Kulkarni , Tom Erez , Peter Battaglia , Nando de Freitas

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has made great achievements since proposed. Generally, DRL agents receive high-dimensional inputs at each step, and make actions according to deep-neural-network-based policies. This learning mechanism…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Kun Shao , Zhentao Tang , Yuanheng Zhu , Nannan Li , Dongbin Zhao

The cooperation among AI systems, and between AI systems and humans is becoming increasingly important. In various real-world tasks, an agent needs to cooperate with unknown partner agent types. This requires the agent to assess the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Antti Keurulainen , Isak Westerlund , Ariel Kwiatkowski , Samuel Kaski , Alexander Ilin

A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in adopting deep neural networks to enhance the performance of conventional reinforcement learning. A notable milestone was the development of Deep Q-Networks (DQN), which achieved…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Klinsmann Agyei , Pouria Sarhadi , Daniel Polani

Deep reinforcement learning has shown its success in game playing. However, 2.5D fighting games would be a challenging task to handle due to ambiguity in visual appearances like height or depth of the characters. Moreover, actions in such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Yu-Jhe Li , Hsin-Yu Chang , Yu-Jing Lin , Po-Wei Wu , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

In this paper we investigate the properties of representations learned by deep reinforcement learning systems. Much of the early work on representations for reinforcement learning focused on designing fixed-basis architectures to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Han Wang , Erfan Miahi , Martha White , Marlos C. Machado , Zaheer Abbas , Raksha Kumaraswamy , Vincent Liu , Adam White

Deep reinforcement learning has gathered much attention recently. Impressive results were achieved in activities as diverse as autonomous driving, game playing, molecular recombination, and robotics. In all these fields, computer programs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Aske Plaat

Recent work in deep reinforcement learning has allowed algorithms to learn complex tasks such as Atari 2600 games just from the reward provided by the game, but these algorithms presently require millions of training steps in order to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Benjamin Spector , Serge Belongie

Robots are extending their presence in domestic environments every day, being more common to see them carrying out tasks in home scenarios. In the future, robots are expected to increasingly perform more complex tasks and, therefore, be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Ithan Moreira , Javier Rivas , Francisco Cruz , Richard Dazeley , Angel Ayala , Bruno Fernandes

As deep reinforcement learning driven by visual perception becomes more widely used there is a growing need to better understand and probe the learned agents. Understanding the decision making process and its relationship to visual inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Christian Rupprecht , Cyril Ibrahim , Christopher J. Pal

Deep reinforcement learning has been shown to be a powerful framework for learning policies from complex high-dimensional sensory inputs to actions in complex tasks, such as the Atari domain. In this paper, we explore output representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Ishan P. Durugkar , Clemens Rosenbaum , Stefan Dernbach , Sridhar Mahadevan

Reinforcement learning agents learn by encouraging behaviours which maximize their total reward, usually provided by the environment. In many environments, however, the reward is provided after a series of actions rather than each single…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Mohammad Reza Bonyadi , Rui Wang , Maryam Ziaei

One major barrier to applications of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) both inside and outside of games is the lack of explainability. In this paper, we describe a lightweight and effective method to derive explanations for deep RL agents,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Alexander Sieusahai , Matthew Guzdial

Deep reinforcement learning has proven to be a great success in allowing agents to learn complex tasks. However, its application to actual robots can be prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, the unpredictability of human behavior in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Mohammad Thabet , Massimiliano Patacchiola , Angelo Cangelosi

In many reinforcement learning tasks, the goal is to learn a policy to manipulate an agent, whose design is fixed, to maximize some notion of cumulative reward. The design of the agent's physical structure is rarely optimized for the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 David Ha