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Given the fact of a case, Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) involves a series of sub-tasks such as predicting violated law articles, charges and term of penalty. We propose leveraging a unified text-to-text Transformer for LJP, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Yunyun Huang , Xiaoyu Shen , Chuanyi Li , Jidong Ge , Bin Luo

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to automatically predict judgment results, such as charges, relevant law articles, and the term of penalty. It plays a vital role in legal assistant systems and has become a popular research topic in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Lianxin Song , Xiaohui Han , Guangqi Liu , Wentong Wang , Chaoran Cui , Yilong Yin

Multiple defendants in a criminal fact description generally exhibit complex interactions, and cannot be well handled by existing Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) methods which focus on predicting judgment results (e.g., law articles,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Yougang Lyu , Jitai Hao , Zihan Wang , Kai Zhao , Shen Gao , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Fang Wang , Zhaochun Ren

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is the task of automatically predicting a law case's judgment results given a text describing its facts, which has excellent prospects in judicial assistance systems and convenient services for the public. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Nuo Xu , Pinghui Wang , Long Chen , Li Pan , Xiaoyan Wang , Junzhou Zhao

Legal judgment prediction(LJP) is an essential task for legal AI. While prior methods studied on this topic in a pseudo setting by employing the judge-summarized case narrative as the input to predict the judgment, neglecting critical case…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Luyao Ma , Yating Zhang , Tianyi Wang , Xiaozhong Liu , Wei Ye , Changlong Sun , Shikun Zhang

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a judicial assistance system that recommends the legal components such as applicable statues, prison term and penalty term by analyzing the given input case document. Indian legal system is in the need of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Prameela Madambakam , Shathanaa Rajmohan , Himangshu Sharma , Tummepalli Anka Chandrahas Purushotham Gupta

Given the fact description text of a legal case, legal judgment prediction (LJP) aims to predict the case's charge, law article and penalty term. A core problem of LJP is how to distinguish confusing legal cases, where only subtle text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Leilei Gan , Baokui Li , Kun Kuang , Yating Zhang , Lei Wang , Luu Anh Tuan , Yi Yang , Fei Wu

Legal judgment prediction (LJP) applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to predict judgment results based on fact descriptions automatically. Recently, large-scale public datasets and advances in NLP research have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Junyun Cui , Xiaoyu Shen , Feiping Nie , Zheng Wang , Jinglong Wang , Yulong Chen

Legal Judgment Prediction is one of the most acclaimed fields for the combined area of NLP, AI, and Law. By legal prediction we mean an intelligent systems capable to predict specific judicial characteristics, such as judicial outcome, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Vithor Gomes Ferreira Bertalan , Evandro Eduardo Seron Ruiz

Legal judgment prediction is essential for enhancing judicial efficiency. In this work, we identify that existing large language models (LLMs) underperform in this domain due to challenges in understanding case complexities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Chenlong Deng , Kelong Mao , Yuyao Zhang , Zhicheng Dou

Legal judgment prediction (LJP), which enables litigants and their lawyers to forecast judgment outcomes and refine litigation strategies, has emerged as a crucial legal NLP task. Existing studies typically utilize legal facts, i.e., facts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Junkai Liu , Yujie Tong , Hui Huang , Bowen Zheng , Yiran Hu , Peicheng Wu , Chuan Xiao , Makoto Onizuka , Muyun Yang , Shuyuan Zheng

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to predict judgment outcomes based on case description. Several researchers have developed techniques to assist potential clients by predicting the outcome in the legal profession. However, none of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Salwa Abbara , Mona Hafez , Aya Kazzaz , Areej Alhothali , Alhanouf Alsolami

Legal judgment prediction offers a compelling method to aid legal practitioners and researchers. However, the research question remains relatively under-explored: Should multiple defendants and charges be treated separately in LJP? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Xiao Wang , Jiahuan Pei , Diancheng Shui , Zhiguang Han , Xin Sun , Dawei Zhu , Xiaoyu Shen

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to automatically predict a law case's judgment results based on the text description of its facts. In practice, the confusing law articles (or charges) problem frequently occurs, reflecting that the law…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Nuo Xu , Pinghui Wang , Junzhou Zhao , Feiyang Sun , Lin Lan , Jing Tao , Li Pan , Xiaohong Guan

The charge prediction task is to determine appropriate charges for a given case, which is helpful for legal assistant systems where the user input is fact description. We argue that relevant law articles play an important role in this task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Bingfeng Luo , Yansong Feng , Jianbo Xu , Xiang Zhang , Dongyan Zhao

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a fundamental task of legal artificial intelligence, aiming to automatically predict the judgment outcomes of legal cases. Existing LJP models primarily focus on identifying legal triggers within criminal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Buqiang Xu , Xin Dai , Zhenghao Liu , Huiyuan Xie , Xiaoyuan Yi , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Liner Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a pivotal task in legal AI. Existing semantic-enhanced LJP models integrate judicial precedents and legal knowledge for high performance. But they neglect legal reasoning logic, a critical component of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yue Zhang , Zhiliang Tian , Shicheng Zhou , Haiyang Wang , Wenqing Hou , Yuying Liu , Xuechen Zhao , Minlie Huang , Ye Wang , Bin Zhou

Legal Article Prediction (LAP) is a critical task in legal text classification, leveraging natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically predict relevant legal articles based on the fact descriptions of cases. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiao Chi , Wenlin Zhong , Yiquan Wu , Wei Wang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Minghui Xiong

Legal judgment prediction (LJP) aims to predict judicial outcomes from case facts and typically includes law article, charge, and sentencing prediction. While recent methods perform well on the first two subtasks, legal sentencing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Junjie Chen , Haitao Li , Qilei Zhang , Zhenghua Li , Ya Zhang , Quan Zhou , Cheng Luo , Yiqun Liu , Dongsheng Guo , Qingyao Ai

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to predict the outcomes of legal cases based on factual descriptions, serving as a fundamental task to advance the development of legal systems. Traditional methods often rely on statistical analyses or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zhaolu Kang , Junhao Gong , Qingxi Chen , Hao Zhang , Jiaxin Liu , Rong Fu , Zhiyuan Feng , Yuan Wang , Simon Fong , Kaiyue Zhou
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