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The inspiral of a stellar-mass compact object into a massive ($\sim 10^{4}$-$10^{7} M_{\odot}$) black hole produces an intricate gravitational-wave signal. Due to the extreme-mass ratios involved, these systems complete $\sim…

The tidal Love numbers (TLNs) encode the deformability of a self-gravitating object immersed in a tidal environment and depend significantly both on the object's internal structure and on the dynamics of the gravitational field. An…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-13 Vitor Cardoso , Edgardo Franzin , Andrea Maselli , Paolo Pani , Guilherme Raposo

We construct the external metric of a slowly rotating, tidally deformed material body in general relativity. The tidal forces acting on the body are assumed to be weak and to vary slowly with time, and the metric is obtained as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-03 Philippe Landry , Eric Poisson

Motivated by events in which black holes can lose their environment due to tidal interactions in a binary system, we develop a waveform model in which the tidal deformability interpolates between a finite value (dressed black hole) at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-08 Valerio De Luca , Andrea Maselli , Paolo Pani

Extreme mass ratio inspirals, in which a stellar-mass object merges with a supermassive black hole, are prime sources for space-based gravitational wave detectors because they will facilitate tests of strong gravity and probe the spacetime…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-22 Nicolas Yunes , M. Coleman Miller , Jonathan Thornburg

The tidal deformability is a key observable to test the nature of compact objects in a binary coalescence. Within vacuum General Relativity, the tidal Love numbers of a four-dimensional black hole are strictly zero, while they are non-zero…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-26 Michela Silvestrini , Elisa Maggio , Sumanta Chakraborty , Paolo Pani

In General Relativity, the tidal Love numbers of black holes vanish, implying they are resistant to tidal deformation. This "rigidity" is easily broken in the presence of higher-derivative corrections. Focusing on extremal charged black…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-30 Toshifumi Noumi , Sam S. C. Wong

We show that rotating black holes do not experience any tidal deformation when they are perturbed by a weak and adiabatic gravitational field. The tidal deformability of an object is quantified by the so-called "Love numbers", which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-14 Horng Sheng Chia

We extend the work of Ryan on mapping the spacetime of the central object of an extreme mass-ratio inspiral (EMRI) by using gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by the system, which may be observed in future missions such as LISA. Whether the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-12 Sayak Datta , Sukanta Bose

The tidal response of compact objects provides a powerful probe of their internal structure and of the surrounding gravitational field. We provide a comprehensive and unified overview of tidal effects in black holes, neutron stars, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-13 Sumanta Chakraborty , Paolo Pani

When in a tight binary, the mutual tidal deformations of neutron stars imprint onto observables, encoding information about their internal structure at supranuclear densities and gravity in the extreme-gravity regime. Gravitational wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-22 Kent Yagi , Nicolas Yunes

The coupling between the angular momentum of a compact object and an external tidal field gives rise to the "rotational" tidal Love numbers, which affect the tidal deformability of a spinning self-gravitating body and enter the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-25 Gonçalo Castro , Leonardo Gualtieri , Paolo Pani

The early part of the gravitational wave signal of binary neutron star inspirals can potentially yield robust information on the nuclear equation of state. The influence of a star's internal structure on the waveform is characterized by a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-02-28 Tanja Hinderer , Benjamin D. Lackey , Ryan N. Lang , Jocelyn S. Read

The deformability of a compact object induced by a perturbing tidal field is encoded in the tidal Love numbers, which depend sensibly on the object's internal structure. These numbers are known only for static, spherically-symmetric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-01 Paolo Pani , Leonardo Gualtieri , Andrea Maselli , Valeria Ferrari

We describe the possibility of using LISA's gravitational-wave observations to study, with high precision, the response of a massive central body to the tidal gravitational pull of an orbiting, compact, small-mass object. Motivated by this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Hua Fang , Geoffrey Lovelace

The Weak Gravity Conjecture indicates that extremal black holes in the low energy effective field theory should be able to decay. This criterion gives rise to non-trivial constraints on the coefficients of higher-order derivative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 Valerio De Luca , Justin Khoury , Sam S. C. Wong

In its final year of inspiral, a stellar mass ($1 - 10 M_\odot$) body orbits a massive ($10^5 - 10^7 M_\odot$) compact object about $10^5$ times, spiralling from several Schwarzschild radii to the last stable orbit. These orbits are deep in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Scott A. Hughes

We study gravitational-wave emission from the quasi-circular, extreme mass ratio inspiral of compact objects of mass m0 into massive objects of mass M>>m0 whose external metric is identical to the Schwarzschild metric, except for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-14 Paolo Pani , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Yanbei Chen , Richard Norte

Extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) will be important sources for future space-based gravitational-wave detectors. In recent work, tidal resonances in binary orbital evolution induced by the tidal field of nearby stars or black holes have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-25 Priti Gupta , Béatrice Bonga , Alvin J. K. Chua , Takahiro Tanaka

Extreme mass ratio inspirals, compact objects spiraling into massive black holes, represent key sources for future space-based gravitational-wave detectors such as LISA. The inspirals will occur within rich astrophysical environments…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-22 Lukáš Polcar , Vojtěch Witzany