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Testing scenario library generation (TSLG) is a critical step for the development and deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). In Part I of this study, a general methodology for TSLG is proposed, and theoretical properties are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Haowei Sun , Shao Bao , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

How to generate testing scenario libraries for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is a major challenge faced by the industry. In previous studies, to evaluate maneuver challenge of a scenario, surrogate models (SMs) are often used…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Haowei Sun , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

The safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are paramount, necessitating rigorous testing methodologies to uncover potential failures before deployment. Traditional testing approaches often prioritize either natural…

In order to find the most likely failure scenarios which may occur under certain given operation domain, critical-scenario-based test is supposed as an effective and widely used method, which gives suggestions for designers to improve the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yizhou Xie , Kunpeng Dai , Yong Zhang

Scenario generation is one of the essential steps in scenario-based testing and, therefore, a significant part of the verification and validation of driver assistance functions and autonomous driving systems. However, the term scenario…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Barbara Schütt , Joshua Ransiek , Thilo Braun , Eric Sax

Autonomous vehicles are complex systems that are challenging to test and debug. A requirements-driven approach to the development process can decrease the resources required to design and test these systems, while simultaneously increasing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali , Georgios Fainekos , Danil Prokhorov , Hisahiro Ito , James Kapinski

Interaction between the background vehicles (BVs) and automated vehicles (AVs) in scenario-based testing plays a critical role in evaluating the intelligence of the AVs. Current testing scenarios typically employ predefined or scripted BVs,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Yining Ma , Wei Jiang , Lingtong Zhang , Junyi Chen , Hong Wang , Chen Lv , Xuesong Wang , Lu Xiong

Simulation is an indispensable tool in the development and testing of autonomous vehicles (AVs), offering an efficient and safe alternative to road testing. An outstanding challenge with simulation-based testing is the generation of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Peide Huang , Wenhao Ding , Benjamin Stoler , Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Ding Zhao

Sampling critical testing scenarios is an essential step in intelligence testing for Automated Vehicles (AVs). However, due to the lack of prior knowledge on the distribution of critical scenarios in sampling space, we can hardly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Jingwei Ge , Pengbo Wang , Cheng Chang , Yi Zhang , Danya Yao , Li Li

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

Scenario-based testing is envisioned as a key approach for the safety assurance of autonomous vehicles. In scenario-based testing, relevant (driving) scenarios are the basis of tests. Many recent works focus on specification, variation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Till Schallau , Stefan Naujokat , Fiona Kullmann , Falk Howar

Verification and validation are major challenges for developing automated driving systems. A concept that gets more and more recognized for testing in automated driving is scenario-based testing. However, it introduces the problem of what…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Barbara Schütt , Marc Heinrich , Sonja Marahrens , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

Simulation-based testing is crucial for validating autonomous vehicles (AVs), yet existing scenario generation methods either overfit to common driving patterns or operate in an offline, non-interactive manner that fails to expose rare,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yuewen Mei , Tong Nie , Jian Sun , Ye Tian

Scenario-based approaches have been receiving a huge amount of attention in research and engineering of automated driving systems. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the driving environment, and the complexity of the driving task…

Recent advances in decision-making policies have led to significant progress in fields such as autonomous driving and robotics. However, testing these policies remains crucial with the existence of critical scenarios that may threaten their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Weichao Xu , Huaxin Pei , Jingxuan Yang , Yuchen Shi , Yi Zhang , Qianchuan Zhao

Over recent decades, scenarios and scenario-based software/system engineering have been actively employed as essential tools to handle intricate problems, validate requirements, and support stakeholders' communication. However, despite the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Young-Min Baek , Esther Cho , Donghwan Shin , Doo-Hwan Bae

Testing is essential for verifying and validating control designs, especially in safety-critical applications. In particular, the control system governing an automated driving vehicle must be proven reliable enough for its acceptance on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Maximilian Kneissl , Hasan Esen

The homologation of automated vehicles, being safety-critical complex systems, requires sound evidence for their safe operability. Traditionally, verification and validation activities are guided by a combination of ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Christian Neurohr , Lukas Westhofen , Tabea Henning , Thies de Graaff , Eike Möhlmann , Eckard Böde

Scenario-based testing is a promising method to develop, verify and validate automated driving systems (ADS) since pure on-road testing seems inefficient for complex traffic environments. A major challenge for this approach is the provision…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Michael Schuldes , Christoph Glasmacher , Lutz Eckstein

To test automated driving systems, we present a case study for finding critical scenarios in driving environments guided by formal specifications. To that aim, we devise a framework for critical scenario identification, which we base on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-10 Adam Molin , Edgar A. Aguilar , Dejan Ničković , Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Hasan Esen
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