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We extend variational autoencoders (VAEs) to collaborative filtering for implicit feedback. This non-linear probabilistic model enables us to go beyond the limited modeling capacity of linear factor models which still largely dominate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-19 Dawen Liang , Rahul G. Krishnan , Matthew D. Hoffman , Tony Jebara

User preferences for items can be inferred from either explicit feedback, such as item ratings, or implicit feedback, such as rental histories. Research in collaborative filtering has concentrated on explicit feedback, resulting in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Andriy Mnih , Yee Whye Teh

Recommender systems widely use implicit feedback such as click data because of its general availability. Although the presence of clicks signals the users' preference to some extent, the lack of such clicks does not necessarily indicate a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Yuta Saito , Suguru Yaginuma , Yuta Nishino , Hayato Sakata , Kazuhide Nakata

Implicit feedback is widely leveraged in recommender systems since it is easy to collect and provides weak supervision signals. Recent works reveal a huge gap between the implicit feedback and user-item relevance due to the fact that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Can Chen , Chen Ma , Xi Chen , Sirui Song , Hao Liu , Xue Liu

Analyzing large-scale text corpora is a core challenge in machine learning, crucial for tasks like identifying undesirable model behaviors or biases in training data. Current methods often rely on costly LLM-based techniques (e.g.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Nick Jiang , Xiaoqing Sun , Lisa Dunlap , Lewis Smith , Neel Nanda

Learning identifiable representations and models from low-level observations is helpful for an intelligent spacecraft to complete downstream tasks reliably. For temporal observations, to ensure that the data generating process is provably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Congxi Zhang , Yongchun Xie

We propose a simple and efficient algorithm for learning sparse invariant representations from unlabeled data with fast inference. When trained on short movies sequences, the learned features are selective to a range of orientations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2011-05-27 Karol Gregor , Yann LeCun

In machine learning and data mining, linear models have been widely used to model the response as parametric linear functions of the predictors. To relax such stringent assumptions made by parametric linear models, additive models consider…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-18 Sheng Chen , Arindam Banerjee

This paper studies the item-to-item recommendation problem in recommender systems from a new perspective of metric learning via implicit feedback. We develop and investigate a personalizable deep metric model that captures both the internal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Trong Nghia Hoang , Anoop Deoras , Tong Zhao , Jin Li , George Karypis

Large Language Models (LLMs) encode factual knowledge within hidden parametric spaces that are difficult to inspect or control. While Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) can decompose hidden activations into more fine-grained, interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Minglai Yang , Xinyu Guo , Zhengliang Shi , Jinhe Bi , Steven Bethard , Mihai Surdeanu , Liangming Pan

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have been proposed as an unsupervised approach to learn a decomposition of a model's latent space. This enables useful applications such as steering - influencing the output of a model towards a desired concept -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Dana Arad , Aaron Mueller , Yonatan Belinkov

The autoencoder is an unsupervised learning paradigm that aims to create a compact latent representation of data by minimizing the reconstruction loss. However, it tends to overlook the fact that most data (images) are embedded in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Alokendu Mazumder , Tirthajit Baruah , Bhartendu Kumar , Rishab Sharma , Vishwajeet Pattanaik , Punit Rathore

An important component of autoencoders is the method by which the information capacity of the latent representation is minimized or limited. In this work, the rank of the covariance matrix of the codes is implicitly minimized by relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Li Jing , Jure Zbontar , Yann LeCun

We introduce a new convolutional AutoEncoder architecture for user modelling and recommendation tasks with several improvements over the state of the art. Firstly, our model has the flexibility to learn a set of associations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Antoine Ledent , Petr Kasalický , Rodrigo Alves , Hady W. Lauw

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) provide a powerful mechanism for decomposing the dense representations produced by Large Language Models (LLMs) into interpretable latent features. We posit that SAEs constitute a natural foundation for Learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Thibault Formal , Maxime Louis , Hervé Dejean , Stéphane Clinchant

An additive autoencoder for dimension reduction, which is composed of a serially performed bias estimation, linear trend estimation, and nonlinear residual estimation, is proposed and analyzed. Computational experiments confirm that an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Tommi Kärkkäinen , Jan Hänninen

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have recently become central tools for interpretability, leveraging dictionary learning principles to extract sparse, interpretable features from neural representations whose underlying structure is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Valérie Costa , Thomas Fel , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Bahareh Tolooshams , Demba Ba

Parameterized mathematical models play a central role in understanding and design of complex information systems. However, they often cannot take into account the intricate interactions innate to such systems. On the contrary, purely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Shahin Khobahi , Arindam Bose , Mojtaba Soltanalian

Recent technological advancements have led to the rapid generation of high-throughput biological data, which can be used to address novel scientific questions in broad areas of research. These data can be thought of as a large matrix with…

Computation · Statistics 2021-03-01 Jane W. Liang , Saunak Sen

It is now well established that sparse signal models are well suited to restoration tasks and can effectively be learned from audio, image, and video data. Recent research has been aimed at learning discriminative sparse models instead of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Julien Mairal , Francis Bach , Jean Ponce , Guillermo Sapiro , Andrew Zisserman